Which of the following best describes the concept of just culture in a healthcare organization?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a just culture in healthcare encourages reporting and learning from errors to improve patient safety and quality of care. This fosters a transparent environment where individuals feel safe to report errors without fear of punishment. By analyzing mistakes, healthcare organizations can implement preventive measures and enhance systems to prevent future errors. Choice A is incorrect as just culture avoids blaming individuals; Choice C is incorrect as it does not promote punishment but focuses on learning; and Choice D is incorrect as just culture acknowledges and addresses errors for continuous improvement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Statutory laws. Nursing practice is primarily governed by statutory laws, which are laws enacted by legislative bodies such as state nursing practice acts. These laws outline the scope of practice, licensure requirements, and standards of care for nurses. Common law, administrative laws, and constitutional laws do not specifically regulate nursing practice. Common law refers to legal precedents established by court decisions, administrative laws pertain to regulations set by administrative agencies, and constitutional laws deal with the fundamental principles outlined in the constitution. Therefore, A is the correct choice as it directly relates to the specific legal framework that governs nursing practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Complete an incident report. This is the next step in the client's care because documenting the incident is crucial for quality improvement and patient safety. It helps identify the root cause, prevent future errors, and ensure accountability. Notifying the family (A) may be necessary but not the immediate next step. Disciplining the previous nurse (B) is not appropriate without a thorough investigation. Obtaining legal consultation (D) may be needed later but is not the immediate priority.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autocratic. In a crisis situation, quick and decisive actions are crucial. An autocratic leadership style allows for immediate decision-making and clear direction, which is essential in rapidly changing and high-stress environments. This style ensures swift responses and minimizes confusion or delays. Incorrect choices: A: Democratic leadership involves group decision-making, which may be time-consuming and not suitable for urgent crisis situations. C: Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring and empowering others, which may not be as effective in a crisis when quick and direct actions are needed. D: Laissez-faire leadership gives employees a high degree of freedom and independence, which can lead to chaos and lack of direction in a crisis scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: affinity map. When a problem is not easily identified, using an affinity map can help organize and visually represent different ideas or information related to the issue. This method allows for clustering similar themes or concepts, leading to a clearer understanding of the problem. A: Trial and error involves randomly trying different solutions without a systematic approach. B: The Delphi method is a structured communication technique for gathering opinions from experts, which may not directly help in identifying the problem. C: Political decision-making model focuses on power dynamics and interests, which may not be relevant for problem identification. In summary, using an affinity map promotes structured organization of information, making it the most suitable choice for identifying unclear problems.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because intrinsic values refer to fundamental principles or beliefs that are essential for sustaining life, such as honesty, integrity, or compassion. These values are inherent to an individual's being and are not dependent on external factors. Choice A is incorrect as intrinsic values are not necessarily abstract ideas. Choices C and D are incorrect as they relate to personal preferences or expectations rather than core values necessary for life sustenance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Physical therapy for stroke rehabilitation. Tertiary prevention focuses on minimizing the impact of an existing disease or condition. Physical therapy for stroke rehabilitation is an example of tertiary prevention because it aims to improve the quality of life and functionality of an individual who has already experienced a stroke. Administering childhood vaccinations (A) is an example of primary prevention to prevent the onset of diseases. Chemotherapy for cancer treatment (B) is an example of secondary prevention to detect and treat existing cancer. Routine screening for hypertension (C) is an example of secondary prevention to identify and manage hypertension before it progresses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Halo error. Halo error is the term used for assigning a rating based on an overall impression, where one positive attribute influences the overall perception of an individual or object. This can lead to biased evaluations. Recency error (A) is when recent events have a disproportionate impact on the evaluation. Leniency error (B) is when the rater consistently rates all items positively. Absolute judgment (C) is when each item is evaluated independently without considering the overall impression.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Designate specific time slots for drop-in visits. Rationale: 1. Designating specific time slots for drop-in visits allows for better time management by setting boundaries and expectations. 2. It helps staff members plan their interactions with the Nurse Manager, reducing interruptions throughout the day. 3. This method promotes efficiency and productivity by consolidating similar tasks into designated blocks of time. Summary of other choices: B: Position the desk chair so it is not facing the hallway - This may help reduce distractions but does not directly address time management. C: Communicate with staff about using e-mail for non-urgent matters to improve time management - While this is a good practice, it does not specifically address the issue of inordinate time spent on drop-in visits. D: When staff members drop in, the manager should stand and remain standing during the conversation - Standing may convey urgency, but it does not provide a structured approach to managing time effectively.