Which of the following best describes primary health care?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Primary health care focuses on providing comprehensive and holistic care to individuals, families, and communities. Step 2: It addresses not only physical health but also social determinants of health, promoting social justice. Step 3: Primary health care emphasizes health promotion, disease prevention, and addressing social inequalities. Step 4: Choice A aligns with the principles of primary health care, making it the correct answer. Summary: B: Incorrect - Primary health care is not limited to managing acute or chronic conditions. C: Incorrect - Primary health care extends beyond direct care to include community and population health. D: Incorrect - While health promotion and disease prevention are aspects, they are not the sole focus of primary health care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because developing a health education program about the dangers of smoking is an example of primary prevention, which aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or injury before it occurs. This intervention targets the root cause of the health issue by educating individuals on the harmful effects of smoking and promoting healthy behaviors to reduce the risk of developing smoking-related diseases. Choices B, C, and D represent secondary or tertiary prevention strategies as they focus on providing care or interventions after the disease has already developed or to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because initiating an infant car seat safety screening program for parents in low-income housing best represents primary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or injury before it occurs. In this case, educating parents on proper car seat safety practices helps prevent injuries to infants in the first place. Administering the influenza vaccine (A) is an example of secondary prevention as it aims to detect and treat existing conditions. Starting a rehabilitation clinic (C) and setting up a blood pressure screening clinic (D) are also examples of secondary prevention as they focus on managing existing health conditions rather than preventing them.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because early visiting nurses were successful due to the more economical care they provided to families. Visiting nurses offered cost-effective healthcare services, making them accessible to a wider population. This affordability factor contributed to their success in providing care to those in need. Choice A is incorrect because early visiting nurses did not necessarily serve as a model for all later hospitals. Choice C is incorrect as the success of visiting nurses was not solely dependent on a role model like Edna Moore. Choice D is incorrect because the success of visiting nurses was not primarily attributed to a publicity campaign by health departments.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the main reason for the brief existence of the nurse practitioner–model educational program was the need for nursing expertise and skills in other practice settings. This is supported by the fact that nurse practitioners were developed to address the gap in healthcare services by providing advanced nursing care in various settings. They were trained to deliver high-quality care, fill the need for primary care providers, and improve access to healthcare services. A: Inadequate assessment and planning in the local area is not the main reason for the brief existence of the program. B: Insufficient provincial/territorial funding may have been a contributing factor, but it was not the main reason. C: The large number of primary care physicians practising in urban areas is not directly related to the existence of the nurse practitioner-model educational program.