ATI RN
Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs NCLEX Style Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following best describes a current working hypothesis about the molecular mechanism of action of lithium?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Increased synthesis of adenylyl cyclase. One of the leading hypotheses about the molecular mechanism of action of lithium is its ability to increase the synthesis of adenylyl cyclase. Adenylyl cyclase is an enzyme involved in the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which plays a role in cellular signaling pathways. By increasing the synthesis of adenylyl cyclase, lithium may help to regulate intracellular signaling and neurotransmitter release, contributing to its mood-stabilizing effects in bipolar disorder.
Question 2 of 5
A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents after being stung by a bee. The parents say that he is allergic to bee stings, and the patient is having great difficulty breathing. Epinephrine is administered immediately. His symptoms improve as molecules of epinephrine bind to β\(_2\)-receptors in bronchial smooth muscle. Which of the following describes a feature of β\(_2\)-receptors?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: β\(_2\)-adrenergic receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that have seven transmembrane domains, which is a characteristic feature of this receptor family.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following opioids did the patient most likely take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient self-injected what he believed to be heroin, which is commonly sold on the street. Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid that is often mixed with or sold as heroin due to its powerful effects. Therefore, the patient most likely took Fentanyl, as it is frequently associated with street drugs like heroin.
Question 4 of 5
Epinephrine added to a solution of lidocaine for a peripheral nerve block will
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, reducing systemic absorption and prolonging the duration of the local anesthetic effect.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is taking ramelteon for insomnia. The nurse prepares a care plan that includes monitoring of the patient for side effects/adverse reactions of this drug. Which is a side effect of ramelteon?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sleep-related behaviors. Ramelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist used to treat insomnia. One of the common side effects is sleep-related behaviors, such as sleepwalking, sleep eating, or other complex behaviors during sleep. This occurs as a result of altered sleep patterns and should be monitored closely. Choice A: Insomnia is incorrect because ramelteon is used to treat insomnia, not cause it. Choice B: Bradycardia is incorrect as it is not a common side effect of ramelteon. Choice C: Laryngospasm is incorrect as it is not a known side effect of ramelteon. In summary, the correct side effect of ramelteon to monitor for is sleep-related behaviors, while the other choices are not typically associated with this medication.