Which of the following best defines aggregate?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A collection of people who share one or more characteristics. Aggregate refers to a group of individuals who are grouped together based on common characteristics or attributes. This definition aligns with the concept of aggregating data or individuals based on shared traits for statistical or analytical purposes. A: A large group of persons - This choice is too broad and does not specify the common characteristics that define an aggregate. B: A collection of individuals and families - While this choice is closer, it does not explicitly mention the shared characteristics that define an aggregate. D: Another name for demographic group - This choice is incorrect as an aggregate is not necessarily limited to demographic characteristics only.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct: 1. Public health nursing practice focuses on providing services efficiently. 2. Increasing staff numbers can enhance service delivery and reach more community members. 3. More staff means better coverage, improved response times, and increased effectiveness. 4. By expanding staff, public health agencies can better address community needs and promote health. Summary: A: While important, epidemiologic investigations are not exclusive to nursing practice. B: Although organizing services for vulnerable populations is crucial, it does not demonstrate effective practice on its own. C: Establishing partnerships is valuable but does not directly indicate effective nursing practice. D: Increasing staff numbers is key to providing comprehensive and effective public health nursing services.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "It is divided primarily into two components: private health care and public health care." This is the best description of the current health care system in the United States. Private health care includes insurance-based and employer-sponsored plans, while public health care consists of government-funded programs like Medicare and Medicaid. This choice accurately reflects the dual nature of the U.S. health care system, highlighting the coexistence of private and public sectors. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: A: This choice describes an idealized view of the health care system, which may not accurately represent the complexities and challenges of the U.S. system. B: This choice oversimplifies the system by focusing solely on hospitals, neglecting the broader scope of health care services available in the U.S. D: This choice makes a subjective claim about the quality of the U.S. health care system without acknowledging its limitations and disparities in access and outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the Constitution gives the federal government the power to promote the general welfare through programs like healthcare. This power is outlined in the General Welfare Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8). The federal government's involvement in healthcare is a way to ensure the well-being of all citizens and promote public health. Choice A is incorrect because the federal government's involvement in healthcare is not solely based on the states' request. Choice B is incorrect because the federal government's involvement is not just due to rising costs to the states. Choice D is incorrect because while standardizing care on a national level may be a benefit, it is not the primary reason for federal involvement in healthcare.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because managed care controls costs by requiring families to choose a care provider from the MC network. This allows the MC to negotiate discounted rates with specific providers, ensuring cost-effective care delivery. By restricting access to other services without provider permission, MC can manage utilization and reduce unnecessary costs. Choice A is incorrect because encouraging the use of specific practice associates does not directly control costs. Choice C is incorrect as moving Medicaid-eligible families to state Medicare enrollment does not necessarily reduce costs. Choice D is incorrect as denying access to urgent care or emergency services can compromise patient safety and is not a cost-effective strategy for managing care expenses.