Which of the following benzodiazepines is less likely to cause cumulative and residual effects with multiple doses?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lorazepam. Lorazepam is less likely to cause cumulative and residual effects with multiple doses due to its shorter half-life compared to the other benzodiazepines listed. Its shorter half-life means it is metabolized and eliminated from the body more quickly, reducing the risk of accumulation and residual effects. Choice A, Clorazepate, is a prodrug with active metabolites that can lead to accumulation with repeated dosing. Choice B, Quazepam, has a long half-life which increases the risk of cumulative effects. Choice D, Prazepam, also has active metabolites that can accumulate over time, leading to residual effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Zileutin is a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor. Step 2: Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators produced by the body. Step 3: By inhibiting leukotriene production, zileutin reduces inflammation. Step 4: Therefore, the statement "Zileutin prevents the production of leukotrienes" is TRUE. Summary: Choice A is correct because zileutin indeed prevents the production of leukotrienes, leading to reduced inflammation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the mechanism of action of zileutin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Filgrastim, as it is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor used to stimulate the production of neutrophils. Filgrastim is commonly prescribed to increase white blood cell count in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methotrexate (B) is a chemotherapy drug that does not stimulate granulocyte production. Erythropoietin (C) stimulates red blood cell production, not granulocytes. Doxorubicin (D) is an anthracycline antibiotic used in cancer treatment but does not stimulate granulocyte colony formation. Thus, the correct drug for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is Filgrastim.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Flecainide is classified as a Class IC antiarrhythmic drug based on Vaughan Williams classification. 2. Class IC drugs block sodium channels in cardiac tissue, slowing conduction. 3. Flecainide is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias. 4. Sotalol (Class III), Lidocaine (Class IB), and Verapamil (Class IV) belong to different antiarrhythmic classes. Summary: Sotalol is a Class III antiarrhythmic drug that blocks potassium channels. Lidocaine is a Class IB drug that blocks sodium channels. Verapamil is a Class IV drug that blocks calcium channels. These drugs have different mechanisms of action compared to Class IC drugs like Flecainide.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Trimethaphan. Trimethaphan is a ganglioblocking drug that acts on the autonomic nervous system by blocking nicotinic receptors in ganglia, reducing sympathetic outflow and lowering blood pressure. Hydralazine (A) is a direct vasodilator, Tubocurarine (B) is a neuromuscular blocker, and Metoprolol (D) is a beta blocker. These drugs do not act specifically on ganglia to lower blood pressure like Trimethaphan does.