ATI RN
mcgraw hill microbiology test bank Questions
Question 1 of 9
Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing bacterial meningitis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three bacteria (Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae) can cause bacterial meningitis. Neisseria meningitidis is a common cause of meningococcal meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae can cause H. influenzae meningitis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumococcal meningitis. Therefore, all of the above choices are correct. The other choices are incorrect because each of the bacteria listed can independently cause bacterial meningitis, so none of them alone can be the sole correct answer.
Question 2 of 9
Bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen are called:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Obligate anaerobes. These bacteria cannot survive in the presence of oxygen as they lack the necessary enzymes to detoxify reactive oxygen species. Obligate aerobes (A) require oxygen, facultative anaerobes (B) can grow with or without oxygen, and aerotolerant anaerobes (D) can survive in the presence of oxygen but do not utilize it for growth.
Question 3 of 9
A patient with suspected liver abscess was admitted to the surgical department. The patient had been staying for a long time on business in one of African countries and fell repeatedly ill with acute gastrointestinal disorders. What protozoal disease may the patient be now ill with?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is Amebiasis (choice A) because the patient's symptoms of acute gastrointestinal disorders and prolonged stay in an African country suggest exposure to Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amebiasis. This protozoal infection commonly occurs in tropical regions, including Africa. Trypanosomosis (choice B) is caused by Trypanosoma species transmitted by tsetse flies, primarily found in sub-Saharan Africa. Leishmaniasis (choice C) is transmitted by sandflies and presents with skin lesions or visceral involvement, not acute gastrointestinal symptoms. Malaria (choice D) is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by mosquitoes and typically presents with fever, not acute gastrointestinal disorders. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect based on the patient's clinical presentation and travel history.
Question 4 of 9
The most common congenital infection worldwide is due to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: CMV (Cytomegalovirus). CMV is the most common congenital infection worldwide due to its high prevalence and ability to be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy. It can lead to serious complications such as hearing loss, developmental delays, and vision problems in newborns. Listeria monocytogenes (B) is a foodborne pathogen, not typically associated with congenital infections. Rubella Virus (C) can cause congenital rubella syndrome but is less common globally compared to CMV. Syphilis (D) can also be transmitted from mother to fetus, but its prevalence and impact on congenital infections are lower compared to CMV.
Question 5 of 9
4 days after a patient received a gunshot wound of the middle third of the thigh soft tissues his condition suddenly began deteriorating. There are complaints of bursting pain in the wound; pain increases during the last 12 hours. Edema of skin and hypodermic tissue quickly grows. Body temperature is 38,2oC, heart rate is 102/min. The wound edges gape, are dull in color; the muscles, viable as of day before, now protrude into the wound, look boiled, are dull in color, have dirty-grey coating and fall apart when being held with forceps. What infection has developed in the wound?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anaerobic infection. The sudden deterioration, bursting pain, edema, foul appearance of wound, and presence of gas are indicative of gas gangrene caused by anaerobic bacteria like Clostridium perfringens. These bacteria thrive in low oxygen environments, such as deep wound tissues. The symptoms align with the classic presentation of gas gangrene, necessitating immediate surgical intervention. Choice B: Aerobic gram-negative, is incorrect because anaerobic bacteria, not aerobic gram-negative bacteria, are responsible for gas gangrene. Choice C: Putrid, is incorrect as it is a general term referring to foul-smelling decay and does not specify the type of infection. Choice D: Aerobic gram-positive, is incorrect as gas gangrene is typically caused by anaerobic bacteria, not aerobic gram-positive bacteria.
Question 6 of 9
Which of the following bacteria are capable of producing an exotoxin that causes severe diarrhea?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three bacteria mentioned (Clostridium botulinum, Vibrio cholerae, and Escherichia coli) are capable of producing exotoxins that cause severe diarrhea. Clostridium botulinum produces botulinum toxin leading to botulism, Vibrio cholerae produces cholera toxin causing cholera, and some strains of Escherichia coli produce enterotoxins causing severe diarrhea. Choices A, B, and C alone are incorrect because each of them can produce exotoxins that cause severe diarrhea.
Question 7 of 9
The normal microflora is related to the defense in pathogens in
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The normal microflora plays a crucial role in defending against pathogens in the skin and mucus. This is because the skin and mucus act as physical barriers and the normal microflora outcompetes potential pathogens, preventing their colonization. In contrast, the circulatory system (A), hepatobiliary tract (B), and CNS (D) are not typically colonized by normal microflora, so they do not directly contribute to defense against pathogens in those areas.
Question 8 of 9
Which of the following bacteria produce endotoxins?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Escherichia coli. E. coli is a gram-negative bacterium, which means it has an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also known as endotoxins. Endotoxins are released when the bacterium is destroyed, causing an inflammatory response. Streptococcus pneumoniae (choice A) is a gram-positive bacterium and does not produce endotoxins. Clostridium tetani (choice B) produces exotoxins, not endotoxins. Staphylococcus aureus (choice D) is also a gram-positive bacterium and does not produce endotoxins. In summary, E. coli is the correct answer because it is a gram-negative bacterium that produces endotoxins, while the other choices are gram-positive bacteria that do not produce endotoxins.
Question 9 of 9
A 16-year-old boy from the rural area entered the technical school. During a regular Mantoux test, it turned out that this boy had a negative reaction. What tactics should the doctor choose as the most rational in this case?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: BCG vaccination. BCG vaccination is recommended for individuals with a negative Mantoux test result, especially in countries where tuberculosis is prevalent. This vaccination can help provide protection against tuberculosis. Choice A is incorrect because repeating the Mantoux test in a month is unnecessary since the boy already had a negative reaction. Choice B is incorrect as serodiagnosis of tuberculosis is not the first-line approach for diagnosis, especially in this scenario. Choice C is incorrect because urgent isolation is not necessary based solely on the Mantoux test result. Isolation is typically reserved for individuals with active tuberculosis.