ATI RN
free microbiology test bank questions pdf Questions
Question 1 of 9
Which of the following bacteria is known for causing the disease known as whooping cough?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bordetella pertussis. This bacterium is known for causing whooping cough due to its ability to produce toxins that damage the respiratory tract, leading to severe coughing fits. Clostridium tetani causes tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae can cause respiratory infections but not whooping cough, and Staphylococcus aureus is more commonly associated with skin infections. Therefore, A is the correct choice based on its specific association with the disease in question.
Question 2 of 9
The term used to describe an inflammation of the saclike membrane surrounding the heart is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: pericarditis. Pericarditis refers to inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause chest pain, fever, and other symptoms related to the heart. Peritonitis (A) is inflammation of the peritoneum, not the pericardium. Myocardial infarction (C) is a heart attack caused by a blockage in the coronary arteries, not inflammation of the pericardium. Anemia (D) is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, not related to inflammation of the pericardium.
Question 3 of 9
After a prolonged isoniazid treatment, the patient developed polyneuritis, paresthesia, memory disorders, and convulsions. What is the most likely mechanism of the described isoniazid side-effects?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Isoniazid inhibits pyridoxal phosphate synthesis, which is the active form of vitamin B6. Pyridoxal phosphate is essential for various enzymatic reactions, including neurotransmitter synthesis and myelin formation. Therefore, isoniazid-induced pyridoxal phosphate deficiency can lead to neurological symptoms like polyneuritis, paresthesia, memory disorders, and convulsions. A: Disruption of cell membrane synthesis - This is not the mechanism of isoniazid side-effects. B: Inhibition of protein synthesis - Isoniazid does not directly inhibit protein synthesis. C: Inhibition of RNA-synthesis - Isoniazid does not inhibit RNA synthesis; it affects vitamin B6 metabolism.
Question 4 of 9
Listeria monocytogenes are:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium, as it retains the crystal violet stain during the Gram staining process. The bacteria are rod-shaped, not spherical. Choice A is incorrect as Listeria monocytogenes is not Gram-negative. Choice D is incorrect as Listeria monocytogenes does fall under the category of Gram-positive bacteria. The key is to remember the characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes, which are Gram-positive and rod-shaped.
Question 5 of 9
Which structure is used by bacteria for movement?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Flagella. Flagella are whip-like appendages used by bacteria for movement. They rotate in a corkscrew motion to propel the bacteria through their environment. Pili (choice A) are hair-like structures used for attachment, not movement. Capsules (choice C) are protective layers around bacteria, not involved in movement. Fimbriae (choice D) are also used for attachment and biofilm formation, not for movement. Therefore, the correct choice is B as flagella are specifically adapted for bacterial motility.
Question 6 of 9
Which bacteria is known for causing a disease characterized by a pseudomembrane in the throat?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This bacterium causes diphtheria, a disease characterized by a pseudomembrane in the throat. This pseudomembrane is a result of the bacterial exotoxins causing inflammation and necrosis of the throat tissues. Clostridium tetani (A) causes tetanus, characterized by muscle stiffness, not a pseudomembrane in the throat. Bordetella pertussis (B) causes whooping cough, with symptoms of severe coughing fits but no pseudomembrane. Streptococcus pyogenes (D) causes strep throat, but does not produce a pseudomembrane.
Question 7 of 9
Routes for transmission of nosocomial infections are
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because nosocomial infections can be transmitted through various routes, including air droplets, fecal-oral mechanism, contact mechanism, and parenteral mechanism. Air droplets can carry infectious agents through the air, while contact with contaminated surfaces or individuals can spread infections. Fecal-oral transmission occurs through ingesting contaminated food or water. Parenteral transmission involves the introduction of pathogens directly into the bloodstream. Therefore, all the options listed in D are correct routes for transmission of nosocomial infections. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not encompass all possible routes of transmission for nosocomial infections.
Question 8 of 9
The typical site for replication of DNA viruses is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nucleus. DNA viruses replicate in the host cell's nucleus because they require access to the host cell's DNA replication machinery. The nucleus contains the necessary enzymes and factors for DNA replication to occur accurately. The DNA viruses need to utilize these host cell components to replicate their own genetic material. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Cytoplasm - Cytoplasm lacks the necessary enzymes and machinery for accurate DNA replication. C: Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER is involved in protein synthesis and processing, not DNA replication. D: Golgi Apparatus - Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging proteins, not DNA replication.
Question 9 of 9
The innate immune system is always working to protect the body and does not require any special preparation to stop infection:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against infections and is always active, providing immediate protection without prior exposure to a specific pathogen. It includes physical barriers, such as skin and mucous membranes, and cellular components like phagocytes and natural killer cells. The innate immune response is nonspecific and rapid, providing a crucial initial defense against pathogens. Choice B is incorrect because the innate immune system is always active, even without any prior exposure to pathogens. Choice C is incorrect because the innate immune system is consistently functioning to protect the body, regardless of the situation. Choice D is incorrect as the correct answer is A.