ATI RN
microbiology an introduction 13th edition test bank Questions
Question 1 of 9
Which of the following bacteria is known for causing urinary tract infections?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Escherichia coli. E. coli is the most common bacteria responsible for causing urinary tract infections due to its ability to adhere to the urinary tract lining and multiply rapidly. It is a normal inhabitant of the gut and can enter the urinary tract through improper hygiene practices. Salmonella enterica and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are typically associated with other infections like food poisoning and gonorrhea, respectively. Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, not urinary tract infections. Thus, based on its prevalence and pathogenicity in the urinary tract, E. coli is the correct choice.
Question 2 of 9
A 70-year-old man was admitted to the hospital after suffering extensive third-degree burns. Three days later he spiked a fever and there was pus on the dressing that had blue-green colour. Gram stain of the pus revealed gram-negative rods. The most possible cause of these findings is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The pyocyanin released by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyocyanin is a blue-green pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common cause of nosocomial infections in burn patients. The presence of blue-green pus and gram-negative rods in the wound along with fever suggests an infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The other choices are incorrect because E. Coli typically causes gastrointestinal infections and releases enterotoxins, Staphylococcus aureus releases hemolysins causing hemolysis of red blood cells, and Shigella dysenteriae releases shigatoxin causing bloody diarrhea, none of which match the clinical presentation described in the question.
Question 3 of 9
Characteristic features of infectious process:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Infectious process triggers an immune response to fight off the invading pathogen. 2. The immune response can lead to inflammation, fever, and production of antibodies. 3. Hypersensitivity reactions can also occur in response to the infection. 4. Options A, B, and C are not defining features of the infectious process. Summary: Option D is correct because an infectious process typically leads to an immune response and possibly hypersensitivity reactions. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not specifically relate to the immune response or hypersensitivity reactions in the context of an infectious process.
Question 4 of 9
Which bacterial structure is involved in conjugation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pili. Pili are bacterial structures involved in conjugation, which is the process of transferring genetic material between bacterial cells. Pili facilitate the physical contact between donor and recipient cells, allowing for the transfer of plasmids or other genetic material. Capsules (choice A) are involved in protection and adherence, not conjugation. Flagella (choice B) are responsible for bacterial motility. Fimbriae (choice D) are also involved in adherence but not in conjugation. Therefore, the correct answer is C as pili specifically play a crucial role in the process of conjugation.
Question 5 of 9
Infections that may result from the use of catheters are classified as:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: iatrogenic infections. Iatrogenic infections are those caused by medical interventions like catheter use. Catheters can introduce pathogens into the body, leading to infections. Local infections (B) refer to infections confined to a specific area, not necessarily caused by catheters. Exogenous infections (C) come from an external source, not specifically related to medical interventions. Endogenous infections (D) arise from the body's own flora and are not directly related to catheter use.
Question 6 of 9
The complex invaginations of the prokaryotic cytoplasmic membrane are called:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Mesosomes. Mesosomes are infoldings of the prokaryotic cytoplasmic membrane that play a role in cell division and respiration. This structure is not found in eukaryotic cells. Cristae (A) are infoldings of the mitochondrial inner membrane in eukaryotic cells. Granum (B) refers to stacks of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts. Flagella (C) are whip-like structures used for movement and are not related to cytoplasmic membrane invaginations. Therefore, the correct answer is D as mesosomes are unique to prokaryotic cells and are involved in various cellular processes.
Question 7 of 9
A patient presents with fever, chill and cough. From his sputum the ovoid Gram-negative bipolar- stained bacilli with a delicate capsule were secured. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Plague. The presence of ovoid Gram-negative bipolar-stained bacilli with a delicate capsule in the sputum is characteristic of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. Plague presents with symptoms like fever, chills, and cough. Plague is a zoonotic disease usually transmitted through fleas from rodents. The other choices (B: Tuberculosis, C: Leptospirosis, D: Brucellosis) can be ruled out based on the specific description of the bacteria in the sputum. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is not Gram-negative. Leptospirosis is caused by Leptospira, which are spirochetes and not ovoid bacilli. Brucellosis is caused by Brucella species, which are small, coccobacilli and not ovoid bacilli.
Question 8 of 9
Which group of drugs can be used to treat influenza?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Neuraminidase inhibitors. Neuraminidase is an enzyme crucial for the release of new viral particles from infected cells during influenza infection. By inhibiting neuraminidase, the spread of the virus is limited. Protease inhibitors (choice A) are used to treat HIV, not influenza. Beta-lactamase inhibitors (choice B) are used in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics to increase their effectiveness against bacteria, not viruses. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (choice C) are used to treat HIV by blocking the enzyme responsible for replicating the virus's genetic material, but they are not effective against influenza.
Question 9 of 9
Pneumonia can be caused by:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: All answers are correct. Pneumonia can be caused by various pathogens, including Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Choice C is correct because both A and B are known causative agents of pneumonia. Choice D is incorrect because we know that Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumoniae can cause pneumonia, so the statement "None of the above" is not accurate in this context.