Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse be most concerned about?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, an ulceration with rolled edges on the side of the tongue, as it could indicate a possible malignancy such as oral cancer. The presence of rolled edges is concerning for malignancy due to the irregularity in shape and potential for rapid growth. This finding should be promptly investigated to rule out cancer. A: A painful vesicle inside the cheek for 2 days is likely a benign condition such as a canker sore. B: The presence of moist, nontender Stenson's ducts is a normal finding in the mouth. C: Stippled gingival margins that adhere snugly to the teeth could indicate a healthy gum tissue attachment. In summary, the other choices are less concerning as they are either benign or normal variations, while the presence of an ulceration with rolled edges raises significant suspicion for malignancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because unequal pupillary constriction in response to light is abnormal and may indicate nerve damage or neurological issues. A: Decrease in tear production is common with age. C: Arcus senilis is a normal age-related change. D: Loss of hair at the outer line of the eyebrows is also a common age-related change.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: An optic disc that is a yellow-orange colour. This is a normal finding because the optic disc typically appears yellow-orange due to the presence of nerve fibers. The yellow-orange color is due to the absence of blood vessels in this area. This is a normal anatomical characteristic of the optic disc. Option B is incorrect because blurred optic disc margins can indicate pathology such as papilledema. Option C is incorrect because the presence of pigmented crescents in the macular area can indicate a condition like myopic degeneration, not a normal finding. Option D is incorrect because the macula is normally located temporally, not nasally, to the optic disc.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The presence of tears along the inner canthus. This is a normal finding during an eye examination as tears are produced by the lacrimal gland and drain into the nasolacrimal duct, which exits at the inner canthus. This indicates proper tear production and drainage. Incorrect choices: B: A blocked nasolacrimal duct in a newborn infant - This would present as excessive tearing and discharge. C: A slight swelling over the upper lid and along the bony orbit if the patient has a cold - This could indicate inflammation due to infection. D: The absence of drainage from the puncta when the inner orbital rim is pressed - This would suggest an issue with the lacrimal drainage system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Degeneration of nerves in the inner ear. This is likely the cause of the patient's hearing difficulties, as age-related degeneration of nerves in the inner ear can lead to difficulty distinguishing sounds and determining their direction. Atrophy of the apocrine glands (Choice A) and cilia becoming coarse and stiff (Choice B) are not related to hearing loss. Scarring of the tympanic membrane (Choice D) would affect sound conduction but not the perception of sound direction and clarity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: 1. Whispering two-syllable words ensures a low volume, requiring the patient to focus on clarity. 2. Asking the patient to repeat tests their ability to hear and understand the whispered words accurately. 3. Whispering helps eliminate the influence of lip-reading, ensuring accurate assessment. Summary: A: Shielding the lips while speaking would hinder the patient's ability to hear clearly. C: Placing a finger in the ear would not be appropriate as it could affect the accuracy of the test. D: Standing at a specific distance does not ensure accurate assessment of hearing ability.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: mandible. The temporomandibular joint is located just below the temporal artery and it connects the mandible (lower jaw) to the temporal bone. This joint allows for movement of the jaw during actions like chewing and speaking. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the temporomandibular joint is not located near the hyoid bone (A), the vagus nerve (B), or the tragus of the ear (C). These structures are not directly associated with the temporomandibular joint's anatomical location and function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Jaundice is characterized by a yellow skin color due to elevated bilirubin levels. Step 2: Yellow color extending up to the iris indicates systemic jaundice, involving the whole body. Step 3: Yellow patches throughout the sclera (Choice A) may not indicate systemic jaundice. Step 4: Skin appearing yellow under low light (Choice C) may not be specific to jaundice. Step 5: Yellow deposits on palms and soles (Choice D) are not typical signs of jaundice. Therefore, Choice B is correct as it reflects systemic jaundice, while the other choices do not fully align with the manifestation of true jaundice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: auricle. The auricle is the visible, outer portion of the ear made up of movable cartilage and skin. It serves to collect sound waves and direct them into the ear canal. The other choices are incorrect because the concha (B) is the concave cavity leading to the ear canal, the outer meatus (C) is the ear canal itself, and the mastoid process (D) is a bony protrusion behind the ear that has no role in sound collection.