Which of the following arteries supply the tail of pancreas?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Splenic artery. The splenic artery supplies the tail of the pancreas through its branches. The splenic artery runs along the superior border of the pancreas and gives off multiple branches that supply various parts of the pancreas, including the tail. A: Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the inferior part of the pancreas. B: Left gastroepiploic artery supplies the greater curvature of the stomach. D: Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the pancreatic head and duodenum. Therefore, the splenic artery is the correct answer as it specifically supplies the tail of the pancreas.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal cortex. The adrenal cortex is associated with producing hormones related to sugar (glucocorticoids), salt (mineralocorticoids), and sex (androgens). Glucocorticoids regulate glucose metabolism, mineralocorticoids regulate salt balance, and androgens are sex hormones. The pancreas primarily regulates blood sugar levels. The parathyroid gland is responsible for calcium and phosphorus balance, not sugar, salt, and sex. The neurohypophysis is part of the pituitary gland and mainly regulates water balance and blood pressure, not specifically sugar, salt, and sex.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Releasing hormones. Releasing hormones are produced in the hypothalamus and travel through the hypophyseal-hypothalamic portal capillaries to reach the anterior pituitary gland. This is where they stimulate the release of specific hormones. Gonadotropins (A) are produced by the anterior pituitary gland, not found within the portal capillaries. Catecholamines (C) are produced by the adrenal glands, not within the portal capillaries. Mineralocorticoids (D) are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, not found within the portal capillaries.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. The neurohypophysis is the posterior pituitary gland. 2. It stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. 3. These hormones include oxytocin and vasopressin. 4. These hormones regulate water balance, blood pressure, and uterine contractions. 5. Choice D is correct as it accurately describes the neurohypophysis. Summary: A: Incorrect - Anterior pituitary gland is not the neurohypophysis. B: Incorrect - These hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. C: Incorrect - Releasing hormones are produced by the hypothalamus, not the neurohypophysis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pancreas. The pancreas secretes insulin to decrease blood glucose levels and glucagon to elevate blood glucose levels. Insulin helps cells absorb glucose for energy, while glucagon triggers the release of stored glucose into the bloodstream. Adenohypophysis (B) secretes various hormones but not related to blood glucose regulation. Thyroid (C) secretes hormones that regulate metabolism, not directly impacting blood glucose levels. Adrenal cortex (D) secretes hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, which are not primarily involved in blood glucose regulation.