Which of the following are true regarding mental health and mental illness?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: What one society may view as acceptable and appropriate behavior, another society may see that as maladaptive, and inappropriate. Mental health and mental illness are difficult to define precisely. In most cases, mental health is a state of emotional, psychological, and social wellness evidenced by satisfying interpersonal relationships, effective behavior and coping, positive self-concept, and emotional stability. Persons who engage in fantasies may be mentally healthy, but the inability to distinguish reality from fantasy is an individual factor that may contribute to mental illness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Prescriptive authority is used by psychiatric/mental health advanced practice registered nurses in accordance with state and federal laws and regulations. Standards 5a are advanced practice interventions and may be performed only by the psychiatric/mental health advanced practice registered nurse. Psychiatric/mental health registered nurses may provide milieu therapy according to Standard 5c. This is not restricted to psychiatric/mental health advanced practice nurses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The DSM-5 is the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States. It provides criteria for diagnosing different psychiatric disorders based on research, clinical expertise, and patient presentation. Nurses should consult the DSM-5 when encountering unfamiliar psychiatric disorders to accurately identify and understand the criteria used to establish a diagnosis. Option A) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) is primarily used for coding and billing purposes in healthcare settings and does not provide detailed diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders. Option C) A behavioral health reference manual is too vague and could refer to various resources without specific diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders. Option D) Wikipedia is not a reliable source for accurate and evidence-based information on psychiatric disorders. It is a publicly editable platform and may not provide the depth of information needed for clinical decision-making. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to be familiar with authoritative resources like the DSM-5 to enhance their clinical knowledge and decision-making skills when working with patients with psychiatric disorders. Understanding how to use the DSM-5 can improve the accuracy of diagnoses, treatment planning, and overall patient care in psychiatric settings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Clinical epidemiology is a broad field that addresses studies of the natural history (or what happens if there is no treatment and the problem is left to run its course) of an illness, studies of diagnostic screening tests, and observational and experimental studies of interventions used to treat people with the illness or symptoms. Prevalence refers to numbers of new cases. Co-morbidity refers to having more than one mental disorder at a time. Incidence refers to the number of new cases of mental disorders in a healthy population within a given period.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is option A) Helping a person diagnosed with a serious mental illness learn to manage money, which represents tertiary prevention in nursing. Tertiary prevention focuses on actions taken to prevent further complications and reduce the impact of an already established disease or condition. In this case, helping a person with mental illness manage money aims to prevent financial instability and its negative consequences, which can exacerbate their mental health condition. Option B) Restraining an agitated patient who has become aggressive and assaultive represents a form of crisis intervention or immediate safety measure, not tertiary prevention. While it is important in ensuring safety, it does not address the long-term management and prevention of complications from the underlying condition. Option C) Teaching school-age children about the dangers of drugs and alcohol falls under primary prevention, as it aims to educate and prevent the onset of substance abuse issues rather than addressing existing conditions. Option D) Genetic counseling with a young couple expecting their first child is an example of secondary prevention, as it involves identifying and managing genetic risks to prevent the development of genetic disorders in the offspring. In an educational context, understanding the levels of prevention in nursing is crucial for students to effectively plan and implement interventions based on the specific needs of individuals or communities. By differentiating between primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, nurses can provide comprehensive care that addresses both the prevention and management of health issues.