Which of the following are NOT reasons women more likely to develop a urinary tract infection?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Menstruation itself does not directly increase UTI risk; short urethra, anal proximity, and antibiotic-induced flora disruption are established risk factors.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Insulin is good for K+ regulation because it prevents potassium (K+) from being moved out of the cells. Insulin acts as a signal that tells the cells to take up glucose and potassium from the bloodstream. By keeping K+ inside the cells, insulin helps maintain the balance of electrolytes and ensures the proper functioning of various cellular processes. This is important for overall cell health and prevents imbalances that could lead to complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Calcitonin is a hormone released by the thyroid gland in response to high levels of calcium (Ca++) in the blood. It helps to regulate calcium levels by inhibiting the release of calcium from the bones and promoting its excretion by the kidneys. Therefore, when the Ca++ levels are high, calcitonin is released to lower the calcium levels and maintain homeostasis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Phosphorus is vital to muscles because it is a key component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which provides energy for muscle contractions. It is also essential for the formation and maintenance of red blood cells, as it is involved in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. Phosphorus plays a crucial role in the metabolism of carbohydrates by helping to convert them into energy.