ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following are not active in the duodenum?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: pepsin. Pepsin is an enzyme that works in the stomach to break down proteins. It is not active in the duodenum because the duodenum is the first part of the small intestine where the acidic chyme from the stomach is neutralized by bicarbonate and digestive enzymes including amylase, enterokinase, and nuclease become active. Amylase breaks down carbohydrates, enterokinase activates trypsinogen, and nuclease breaks down nucleic acids. Thus, pepsin is the correct answer as it is not active in the duodenum, unlike the other enzymes listed.
Question 2 of 5
Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: amylase. Amylase is an enzyme that specifically breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars like glucose. It is produced in the salivary glands and pancreas, aiding in the digestion process. Lipase (choice A) digests fats, pepsin (choice B) digests proteins, and trypsin (choice D) also digests proteins in the small intestine. However, amylase is the only enzyme responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates, making it the correct choice in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing instructions for a 52-year-old client who is scheduled for a colonoscopy. The client reports that he has not had the procedure before and is very anxious about feeling pain during the procedure. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because administering a sedative before the colonoscopy will help the client relax and reduce anxiety. Sedatives are commonly used to ensure the client is comfortable during the procedure. This approach addresses the client's fear of feeling pain and helps ensure a successful and tolerable experience. Choice A is incorrect because dismissing the client's concerns may increase anxiety. Choice C is incorrect as it does not offer a solution to alleviate the client's anxiety. Choice D is also incorrect because discussing the procedure after signing the consent form may not address the client's immediate anxiety about pain during the procedure.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse in a PACU is assessing a client who has a newly created colostomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Purplish-colored stoma. A purplish-colored stoma may indicate inadequate blood supply to the area, which is a sign of ischemia and can lead to tissue necrosis. This is a critical finding that requires immediate intervention to prevent further complications. A: Stoma oozing red drainage is a common finding in the immediate postoperative period and is not typically concerning unless it is excessive or accompanied by other symptoms. B: A shiny, moist stoma is a healthy stoma appearance, indicating good blood supply and hydration. D: A rosebud-like stoma orifice is a normal finding and not typically concerning unless there are signs of infection or other complications.
Question 5 of 5
While palpating a female client's right upper quadrant (RUQ), the nurse would expect to find which of the following structures?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Liver. Palpating the RUQ, the nurse would expect to feel the liver due to its location in that area. The liver is the largest solid organ in the body and is situated in the RUQ, beneath the diaphragm. It is a vital organ responsible for multiple functions, including metabolism, storage, and detoxification. The other choices (A: Sigmoid colon, B: Appendix, C: Spleen) are located in different areas of the abdomen and would not typically be palpable in the RUQ. The sigmoid colon is located in the lower left quadrant, the appendix is in the lower right quadrant, and the spleen is in the left upper quadrant. Therefore, the liver is the most likely structure to be palpated in the RUQ.