Which of the following are examples of incidental disclosures of patient health information that are permitted? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Placing a patient chart in a holder on the examining room door with the name facing out is an example of an incidental disclosure of patient health information that is permitted. This is because the information disclosed is minimal and necessary for the function of providing care. It does not overly expose sensitive information and is in line with standard practices in healthcare settings. The other choices are incorrect: A: Putting out a sign-in sheet for incoming patients may expose patient names to others in the waiting room, potentially violating patient privacy. B: Overhearing nurses discussing a patient through a door breaches patient confidentiality as it exposes sensitive information to unauthorized individuals. D: Leaving an x-ray on a light board in the hallway exposes patient health information to individuals who may not have a legitimate need to access it, leading to a breach of privacy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: master's degree. To become a geriatric nurse practitioner, Amy will need to attain a master's degree in nursing. This advanced degree provides the specialized knowledge and skills required to work as a nurse practitioner specializing in geriatric care. A licensed practical nurse (A) and an associate degree (B) are not sufficient for this specialized role. While a baccalaureate degree (C) is a higher level of education than an associate degree, it is still not advanced enough to become a nurse practitioner specializing in geriatrics.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: protection from harm. Informed consent ensures that patients are aware of the potential risks and benefits of participating in a study and that they are protected from harm. This includes measures to minimize risks and ensure their safety throughout the study. Confidentiality (A) is important but not directly related to informed consent. Free medical care (B) is not a guaranteed right in research studies and is not a component of informed consent. Refusal to participate (C) is generally a right granted through informed consent, but the primary focus is on protecting participants from harm.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Risk factors are characteristics or conditions that increase the likelihood of illness or injury. Step 2: When there is an increase in risk factors, the probability of developing an illness or injury also increases. Step 3: Therefore, statement C, "An increase in risk factors increases the possibility of illness," is accurate. Step 4: Choice A is incorrect because risk factors are indeed related to the person or event. Step 5: Choice B is incorrect as not all risk factors are modifiable; some are genetic or environmental. Step 6: Choice D is also incorrect as a family history of breast cancer is a non-modifiable risk factor.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs can guide nurses in assessing and prioritizing patients' needs during the nursing process. By understanding that basic physiological needs must be met before addressing higher-level needs, nurses can provide holistic care. Choice B is incorrect because Maslow's theory focuses on fundamental human needs, not specifically healthcare needs. Choice C is incorrect as the theory can be applied to all individuals, regardless of age. Choice D is incorrect because Maslow's theory is relevant to all patients, not just those who are ill.