ATI RN
Infection Prevention and Control NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following are characteristics of the stage of infection known as full stage of illness? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because during the full stage of illness, specific signs and symptoms of infection are present. This stage occurs after the pathogen has invaded the body, multiplied, and the immune response has begun. The signs and symptoms indicate the body's response to the infection. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because A refers to the incubation period, C describes the prodromal stage, and D is indicative of the convalescent period. In summary, during the full stage of illness, specific signs and symptoms are present, distinguishing it from other stages of infection.
Question 2 of 5
Which interventions utilized by the nurse will indicate the ability to recognize a localized inflammatory response?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rest, ice, and elevation. This intervention indicates the ability to recognize a localized inflammatory response because it follows the RICE method commonly used for managing inflammation. Rest helps reduce further tissue damage, ice reduces inflammation by constricting blood vessels, and elevation reduces swelling by promoting fluid drainage. A: Vigorous range-of-motion exercises are not appropriate for a localized inflammatory response as they can exacerbate the inflammation and cause further damage. B: Turn, cough, and deep breathe are helpful for preventing respiratory complications but do not directly address a localized inflammatory response. C: Orienting to date, time, and place is important for assessing mental status and orientation but does not directly indicate recognition of a localized inflammatory response.
Question 3 of 5
A diabetic patient presents to the clinic for a dressing change. The wound is located on the right foot and has purulent yellow drainage. Which action will the nurse take to prevent the spread of infection?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Donning gloves and appropriate personal protective equipment is crucial to prevent the spread of infection when dealing with purulent drainage in a diabetic patient. Here's the rationale: 1. Gloves prevent direct contact with potentially infectious material. 2. Personal protective equipment (e.g., gown, mask) further reduces the risk of contamination. 3. Properly disposing of PPE after use prevents cross-contamination. 4. Positioning the patient comfortably (A) and explaining the procedure (B) are important but do not directly address infection control. Reviewing the medication list (C) is relevant but not the immediate action needed to prevent infection spread.
Question 4 of 5
Which nursing action will most likely increase a patient’s risk for developing a health care–associated infection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because using a clean technique for inserting a urinary catheter can introduce bacteria into the patient's urinary tract, increasing the risk of a healthcare-associated infection. Aseptic technique should be used for invasive procedures like catheter insertion to prevent infection. Choices A, C, and D involve appropriate infection control measures to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient will the nurse see first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Clostridium difficile is highly contagious and can spread easily in healthcare settings. Droplet precautions are required for preventing transmission. The nurse should see this patient first to prevent the spread of infection. B, TB requires airborne precautions, but it is not as easily transmissible as C. MRSA requires contact precautions, less urgent than droplet precautions. D, a lung transplant patient in a protective environment, is at risk for infection but does not pose an immediate threat to others.