Which of the following are characteristics of nursing theories? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because nursing theories indeed provide a knowledge base for appropriate nursing responses. Nursing theories help guide nurses in understanding patient care, decision-making, and interventions. Choice A is incorrect because nursing theories do not solely provide rational reasons for interventions; they offer a comprehensive framework. Choice B is incorrect because nursing theories are not solely based on what nursing should be, but rather they encompass a broader understanding of nursing practice. Choice D is incorrect because while nursing theories can stimulate discussions on nursing issues, their primary purpose is to provide a foundation for nursing practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: physiologic. Maslow's hierarchy of needs starts with physiological needs, which include water, food, and rest. Measuring intake and output, as well as weighing the patient, directly address the physiological need for water balance. This is essential for maintaining the patient's health and well-being. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they correspond to higher levels of the hierarchy such as safety, love, and self-actualization, which are not directly addressed by the actions of measuring intake and output and weighing the patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: considerations of power. In this scenario, the nurse needs to consider the power dynamics at play due to the social status of the children's families. The child of a famous sports figure may have more influence and resources, potentially leading to unfair advantages in accessing healthcare compared to the child from a low-income family. By being aware of these power dynamics, the nurse can advocate for equal treatment and fair allocation of resources. A: Balance between benefits and harms in patient care is important but not as relevant in this context as considering power dynamics. B: Norms of family life may be important in some situations but do not directly address the ethical consideration of power in this scenario. D: Cost-effectiveness and allocation are important factors but do not directly address the ethical consideration of power dynamics between the two children's families.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: the patient. Informed consent requires the patient's voluntary and competent agreement to undergo a medical procedure after being informed of its risks, benefits, and alternatives. Only the patient has the legal capacity to make decisions about their own healthcare. Relatives, physicians, and nurses do not have the authority to provide informed consent on behalf of the patient. It is crucial to ensure that the patient themselves understand and agree to the treatment plan to protect their autonomy and rights.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: demonstration. This teaching strategy is most effective for teaching CPR because it allows the mother to visually see and learn the correct techniques. By observing a demonstration, she can understand the proper steps and actions to take in an emergency. It provides a hands-on approach that enhances learning retention. Summary: A (lecture) is less effective as it is passive learning, not practical for a skill like CPR. B (discussion) is helpful for exchanging ideas but not as effective for teaching a hands-on skill like CPR. D (discovery) involves self-learning, which may not be suitable for learning a critical skill like CPR.