ATI RN
Intro to Pharmacology ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following are antagonist and agonist pairs for the same receptor:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Butoxamine (β2 antagonist) and terbutaline (β2 agonist) target the same receptor, a true pair. Phenoxybenzamine (α-adrenergic antagonist) and cyclopentolate (muscarinic antagonist) act on different receptors. Pilocarpine and bethanechol are both muscarinic agonists, not antagonist-agonist. Oxymetazoline (α-agonist) and dobutamine (β1-agonist) differ in receptor specificity. Bromocriptine and pramipexole are dopamine agonists. The β2 pair is a classic example in pharmacology, illustrating receptor-specific antagonism and agonism.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is conducting medication education about the difference between potency and efficacy to a group of patients. The nurse correctly determines that learning has occurred when the patients make which response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Efficacy (max effect) trumps potency (dose needed) for ‘best'-a high-efficacy drug fully relieves symptoms, unlike high-potency alone. Potency doesn't guarantee outcome. Efficacy doesn't mean fewer side effects-safety varies. Low-potency drugs can be effective but aren't side-effect-free. Greatest efficacy reflects learning, prioritizing treatment success.
Question 3 of 5
Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for maintaining sleep and wakefulness?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The reticular activating system (RAS) in the brainstem regulates sleep-wake cycles, promoting alertness or rest, per neurophysiology. The cortex processes thought, not cycles. The limbic system drives emotion, not sleep directly. The cerebellum coordinates movement. RAS's role is central, controlling consciousness states.
Question 4 of 5
Intravenous atropine at low doses is commonly used by oral surgeons during surgical procedures to remove impacted wisdom teeth. The rationale behind the use of this agent in this situation likely involves which of the following beneficial effects?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atropine, a muscarinic antagonist, is used in oral surgery to manage parasympathetic effects. Option , gastrointestinal relaxation, is a minor effect but not the primary goal in wisdom tooth extraction. Option , drying oral mucous membranes, is correct-by inhibiting salivary glands, atropine reduces secretions, keeping the surgical field clear, a key benefit in oral procedures. Option , inducing tachycardia, occurs but isn't the intent; low doses minimize this. Option , pupillary dilation, happens but is irrelevant to oral surgery. Option (E), reducing urinary motility, is incidental. The drying effect directly aids visibility and cleanliness during surgery, aligning with clinical practice. At low doses, atropine selectively targets salivary inhibition over systemic effects, making it practical and effective. This rationale reflects its established use in anesthesia to optimize surgical conditions without unnecessary cardiovascular or ocular complications.
Question 5 of 5
A 52-year-old man with asthma treated with a β2 agonist via inhaler has been having difficulty with therapy because of persistent changes in blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, and hypomagnesemia. Which of the following medications would be best for this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: β2-agonist side effects (BP changes, nausea, hypomagnesemia) suggest overuse. Ipratropium , an anticholinergic bronchodilator, avoids these. Options , , persist with β2-agonists, risking side effects. Epinephrine (E) worsens them. Ipratropium's different mechanism improves asthma control safely.