ATI RN
Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following antiviral drug most commonly used drug for prevention * and treatment of CMV infections in the immunocompromised patients?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ganciclovir. Ganciclovir is the most commonly used antiviral drug for prevention and treatment of CMV infections in immunocompromised patients because it is a nucleoside analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase, thus preventing viral replication. Ganciclovir has a specific activity against CMV, making it effective for treating CMV infections. Choice B: Indinavir is a protease inhibitor used in HIV treatment, not for CMV infections. Choice C: Amantadine is an antiviral drug used for influenza A treatment, not for CMV infections. Choice D: Foscarnet is a pyrophosphate analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase but is typically used as a second-line treatment for CMV due to its side effects and toxicity compared to Ganciclovir.
Question 2 of 5
A 5 year old child has been brought with intestinal obstruction due to * clumping of roundworms. Which of the following anthelmintic which administered by orogastric tube can relax the balls of ascaris and relieve the obstruction?:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Piperazine. Piperazine paralyzes the muscles of the roundworms, causing them to relax and detach from the intestinal walls, which helps in relieving the obstruction. Levamisole and Mebendazole work by different mechanisms and are not as effective for this specific situation. Pyrantel pamoate primarily causes paralysis in the worms but may not be as effective as Piperazine in relaxing the balls of ascaris.
Question 3 of 5
Which antibiotics should be avoided in patients of liver disease?: *
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tetracycline. Tetracycline should be avoided in patients with liver disease due to its potential hepatotoxicity. Tetracycline is known to cause liver damage and can worsen the condition in patients with pre-existing liver disease. Summary of other choices: B: Cotrimoxazole - Generally safe in patients with liver disease. C: Cephalexin - Safe for use in patients with liver disease. D: Ethambutol - Not associated with liver toxicity, safe to use in patients with liver disease.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following diuretics is most widely used to treat mild * hypertension?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hydrochlorothiazide. It is a thiazide diuretic commonly used to treat mild hypertension. Thiazide diuretics work by reducing the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys, leading to increased urine production and lower blood pressure. Furosemide (A) is a loop diuretic primarily used for more severe conditions. Spironolactone (B) is a potassium-sparing diuretic often used for conditions like heart failure. Amiloride (D) is also a potassium-sparing diuretic but is not typically used as a first-line treatment for hypertension.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has low cardiac output due to poor cardiac function. He is * edematous. Which one of the following should be avoided because it can aggravate cardiac dysfunctions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mannitol. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that can worsen cardiac function by increasing plasma volume and potentially exacerbating edema. Furosemide (A) and Hydrochlorothiazide (D) are loop and thiazide diuretics, respectively, commonly used to reduce fluid overload in heart failure patients. Spironolactone (B) is a potassium-sparing diuretic that is often added to the treatment regimen in heart failure to help counteract potassium loss from other diuretics.