ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following antiseizure drugs produces enhancement of GABA-mediated inhibition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Phenobarbital. Phenobarbital enhances GABA-mediated inhibition by increasing the duration of GABA-A receptor channel opening, leading to increased chloride ion influx. This enhances inhibitory neurotransmission, reducing neuronal excitability and seizure activity. Ethosuximide (A) works by blocking T-type calcium channels, Carbamazepine (B) by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, and Lamotrigine (D) by inhibiting sodium channels and reducing glutamate release, none of which directly enhance GABA-mediated inhibition.
Question 2 of 5
Fentanyl can produce significant respiratory depression by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because fentanyl can produce significant respiratory depression by inhibiting brain stem respiratory mechanisms (choice A) and by causing truncal rigidity (choice C). Inhibiting brain stem respiratory mechanisms affects the control of breathing, leading to decreased respiratory rate and depth. Truncal rigidity can impair chest wall movement, further reducing respiratory function. Choice B, suppression of the cough reflex leading to airway obstruction, is incorrect as it does not directly relate to respiratory depression caused by fentanyl.
Question 3 of 5
Methemoglobinemia is possible adverse effect of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice C (Analgin) being the correct answer for possible adverse effect of Methemoglobinemia: 1. Analgin contains metamizole, which can lead to methemoglobinemia by causing the oxidation of hemoglobin. 2. Methemoglobinemia is a condition where hemoglobin is unable to transport oxygen efficiently. 3. Aspirin (choice A), Paracetamol (choice B), and Ketorolac (choice D) do not typically cause methemoglobinemia. Summary: - Choice A (Aspirin) is incorrect because it does not cause methemoglobinemia. - Choice B (Paracetamol) is incorrect because it does not cause methemoglobinemia. - Choice D (Ketorolac) is incorrect because it does not cause methemoglobinemia. - Choice C (Analgin) is correct due to its potential to cause methemoglobinemia through the presence of metamizole.
Question 4 of 5
Indicate the irreversible MAO inhibitor,which is a hydrazide derivative:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phenelzine. Phenelzine is an irreversible MAO inhibitor that irreversibly binds to and inhibits monoamine oxidase enzymes. This irreversible binding leads to a long-lasting inhibition of MAO activity. Moclobemide (A) is a reversible MAO inhibitor, while Selegiline (B) is a selective irreversible MAO-B inhibitor. Tranylcypramine (C) is a reversible MAO inhibitor. Therefore, Phenelzine is the only irreversible MAO inhibitor among the options provided.
Question 5 of 5
Therapeutic uses of caffeine include all of the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Gastric ulceration. Caffeine is not typically associated with causing gastric ulcers. Caffeine is actually used as a treatment for migraines due to its ability to constrict blood vessels. It is also used to relieve drowsiness (somnolence) by stimulating the central nervous system. Additionally, caffeine can help improve cardiovascular function and respiratory efficiency, so choices A, B, and C are all potential therapeutic uses of caffeine.