Which of the following antipsychotic agents is preferable in patients with coronary and cerebrovascular disease?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Haloperidol. Haloperidol is preferable in patients with coronary and cerebrovascular disease due to its lower risk of causing cardiovascular adverse effects compared to the other options. Chlorpromazine (A) can cause orthostatic hypotension and prolong QT interval. Fluphenazine (B) can lead to QT prolongation and hypotension. Perphenazine (D) also carries a risk of QT prolongation and orthostatic hypotension. In contrast, Haloperidol has a more favorable cardiovascular safety profile, making it the preferred choice for patients with coronary and cerebrovascular disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Buspirone. Buspirone is an anxiolytic agent that relieves anxiety without causing marked sedative effects. It works by specifically targeting serotonin receptors in the brain to reduce anxiety, unlike benzodiazepines like Diazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, and Clorazepate which act on GABA receptors leading to sedative effects. Buspirone's unique mechanism of action makes it an ideal choice for treating anxiety without causing sedation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Nitrous oxide, Desflurane, and Sevoflurane are all inhaled anesthetics known for their rapid onset and recovery. Nitrous oxide is rapid due to its low blood-gas solubility, while Desflurane and Sevoflurane are quick-acting because of their low solubility and fast elimination from the body. Therefore, all three options meet the criteria of having rapid onset and recovery. The other choices are incorrect because they do not fully encompass all the anesthetics that exhibit these characteristics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pirenzepin. M1-cholinoblockers specifically target the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype. Pirenzepin is a selective M1 receptor antagonist, making it the appropriate choice. A: Cimetidine and B: Ranitidine are H2-receptor antagonists used for treating gastric acid-related conditions. D: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that works by reducing stomach acid production. These drugs do not target the M1 muscarinic receptor subtype, so they are not the correct choices for M1-cholinoblockers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Heparin is a medication with poor oral bioavailability, meaning it is not effectively absorbed when taken orally. Step 2: For heparin to be effective, it needs to be administered via injection or infusion to reach therapeutic levels. Step 3: Therefore, the statement that heparin is effective when administered orally is false. Summary: Choice B is correct because heparin's efficacy is not achieved through oral administration. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not acknowledge the pharmacokinetics of heparin.