Which of the following antiparkinsonian drugs may cause vasospasm?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bromocriptine, a dopamine D2 agonist used in Parkinson's, has ergot alkaloid properties, which can cause vasospasm by stimulating vascular smooth muscle receptors, occasionally leading to Raynaud's-like symptoms or digital ischemia. Amantadine, an NMDA antagonist, enhances dopamine release but lacks vasoconstrictive effects. Carbidopa inhibits dopa decarboxylase, aiding levodopa delivery without vascular impact. Entacapone, a COMT inhibitor, extends levodopa's duration but doesn't affect vessels. Ropinirole, a non-ergot agonist, avoids vasospasm. Bromocriptine's ergot-derived vasoconstriction, though rare, distinguishes it among antiparkinsonian drugs, requiring caution in patients with vascular risks.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Acute interstitial nephritis is a rare but serious adverse reaction associated with omeprazole. It is characterized by inflammation of the kidney's interstitial tissue and can lead to kidney dysfunction. Symptoms may include fever, rash, eosinophilia, and impaired renal function. If left untreated, acute interstitial nephritis can progress to acute kidney injury and potentially be life-threatening. Therefore, it is essential to promptly recognize and manage this adverse reaction when taking omeprazole.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect seen in ACE Inhibitors, Beta Blockers, and Calcium Channel Blockers.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A. You must limit certain types of food or concurrent administration of certain types of drugs: Some foods can interact with certain medications, either reducing their effectiveness or causing potentially harmful side effects. Therefore, it may be necessary to limit or avoid specific foods when taking certain medications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The plateau phase, where max effect holds despite dose increases, is the curve's top horizontal stretch, per pharmacodynamic curves. Beginning is pre-effect. Upward move is onset. Mid-upstroke is rising. Plateau marks saturation, standard in graphs.