ATI RN
Disorders of the Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following antimicrobial which acts by interfering with DNA function in the bacteria and can cure most cases of uncomplicated gonorrhea?:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that interferes with DNA function in bacteria by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes. This mechanism of action prevents bacterial DNA replication and repair, leading to bacterial cell death. Ciprofloxacin is effective in treating gonorrhea due to its ability to target and kill Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacteria causing gonorrhea. A: Chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, not DNA function. C: Streptomycin disrupts bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome, not DNA function. D: Erythromycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome, not DNA function.
Question 2 of 5
The following topical antifungal drugs include all EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Crotamiton. Crotamiton is not a topical antifungal drug; it is a scabicidal and antipruritic agent used to treat scabies and itching. Tolnaftate (A), Terbinafine (C), and Ciclopirox (D) are all topical antifungal drugs used to treat various fungal skin infections. Tolnaftate is commonly used for athlete's foot, ringworm, and jock itch. Terbinafine is effective against fungal infections like athlete's foot and ringworm. Ciclopirox is used to treat fungal infections like athlete's foot and ringworm as well.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following semisynthetic penicillins which has an extended spectrum of activity against many gram negative bacilli, is acid resistant but not penicillinase resistant?:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amoxicillin. This penicillin has an extended spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacilli, making it effective against a wider range of bacteria. It is acid-resistant, allowing it to be taken orally, but it is not penicillinase-resistant, meaning it can be easily degraded by beta-lactamase enzymes. A: Cloxacillin is penicillinase-resistant but does not have an extended spectrum against gram-negative bacilli. C: Phenoxymethyl penicillin is not acid-resistant and does not have an extended spectrum against gram-negative bacilli. D: Piperacillin has an extended spectrum of activity but is not acid-resistant and is susceptible to penicillinase.
Question 4 of 5
A 70 year old man requires treatment with an alpha-blocker for overflow incontinence due to enlarged prostate. Which of the following alpha blocking drugs is most appropriate drug to prescribe that will not affect his blood pressure significantly?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tamsulosin. It is the most appropriate alpha-blocker for the elderly man with enlarged prostate and overflow incontinence because of its selective action on alpha-1A receptors in the prostate, leading to relaxation of smooth muscle without significantly affecting blood pressure. Rationale: 1. Prazosin (Choice A) and Terazosin (Choice D) are non-selective alpha-blockers that can cause significant blood pressure lowering due to their action on alpha-1 receptors in blood vessels, which may not be suitable for this patient. 2. Phentolamine (Choice B) is also a non-selective alpha-blocker that can lead to significant blood pressure reduction, making it unsuitable for this patient. 3. Tamsulosin (Choice C) is a selective alpha-1A blocker, primarily acting on the prostate, with minimal impact on blood pressure, making it the most appropriate choice for this patient.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with severe infectious disease is being treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics. Which of the following diuretic should be avoided for this patient because of the serious side effect shared by both drugs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Furosemide. Aminoglycoside antibiotics can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Furosemide, a loop diuretic, also has the potential to cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Therefore, combining aminoglycosides with furosemide can increase the risk of these serious side effects. B: Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that does not share the same severe side effects as aminoglycosides. C: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and does not have the same side effects as aminoglycosides. D: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic and does not share the same severe side effects as aminoglycosides.