Which of the following antihypertensives act on the vasomotor centre:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Prazosin, an alpha-1 blocker, acts peripherally, not on the vasomotor center. Methyldopa, a centrally acting α2 agonist, reduces sympathetic outflow from the vasomotor center, a true statement lowering blood pressure. Hydralazine dilates arteries directly, not centrally. Reserpine depletes catecholamines peripherally and centrally but isn't primarily vasomotor-focused. Losartan (likely misspelled) is an ARB, peripheral. Methyldopa's central action is key in pregnancy hypertension, offering a unique mechanism among antihypertensives.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the case of a hypovolemic shock due to significant blood loss, the primary concern is to restore the lost blood volume quickly. Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBCs) contain a high concentration of red blood cells and are used to replenish oxygen-carrying capacity in cases of hemorrhage. PRBCs are the most appropriate blood product in this scenario as they can effectively increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood without overloading the patient with excess fluid volume like whole blood. Whole blood contains not only red blood cells but also plasma and other components, which may not be necessary for immediate volume resuscitation. Cryoprecipitate and Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) are usually indicated for specific coagulation factor deficiencies and are not the primary choice for treating hypovolemic shock. Thus, in this case, PRBCs are the most suitable blood product to address the acute blood loss and restore

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Metformin is a first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Its primary pharmacological action is to decrease hepatic glucose production by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver. This helps to lower blood glucose levels. Metformin also increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues like muscle and fat, allowing tissues to better respond to insulin and take up glucose from the blood. This dual mechanism of action makes metformin an effective medication for managing blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ondansetron is classified as an antiemetic. It is commonly used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Antiemetics work by blocking serotonin, a natural substance in the body that can trigger nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron specifically targets serotonin receptors in the brain, preventing the sensation of nausea and reducing the urge to vomit. Therefore, the correct classification for Ondansetron is as an antiemetic agent.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hallucinations, violence, hypertension, and hyperthermia suggest phencyclidine (PCP) overdose . PCP, an NMDA antagonist, causes dissociative psychosis and sympathetic stimulation. Alcohol sedates, cocaine lacks hallucinations, marijuana doesn't cause violence, and Quaaludes (E) sedate. PCP's unique profile fits this acute, agitated presentation.