Which of the following antienzymes is an aromatase inhibitor used in cancer therapy?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for the correct answer (D): 1. Aminoglutethimide is an aromatase inhibitor used in cancer therapy. 2. Aromatase inhibitors block the enzyme aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens. 3. By inhibiting aromatase, aminoglutethimide reduces estrogen production, beneficial in hormone-sensitive cancers. 4. Physostigmine (A) is a cholinesterase inhibitor, Allopurinol (B) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and Aminocaproic acid (C) is an antifibrinolytic agent, not aromatase inhibitors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oral. Alendronate is typically administered orally as it is a bisphosphonate used in the treatment of osteoporosis. The oral route ensures optimal absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Intravenous and subcutaneous routes are not commonly used for alendronate due to potential adverse effects and practicality issues. Intranasal route is not a common administration method for alendronate. In summary, the oral route is preferred for alendronate administration due to its efficacy, safety, and convenience compared to other routes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Loop diuretics. Loop diuretics are the most potent diuretics because they act on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, where they inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption, leading to significant diuresis. This mechanism results in a higher diuretic effect compared to other classes of diuretics. Thiazide diuretics (B) act on the distal convoluted tubule and are less potent. Potassium-sparing diuretics (C) work on the collecting duct and have a weaker diuretic effect. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (D) work on the proximal tubule and are considered mild diuretics compared to loop diuretics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cephalosporins are broad-spectrum antibiotics effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They are commonly used when penicillins are ineffective. This makes choice C the correct answer, as it accurately reflects the versatility and effectiveness of cephalosporins. A: Gram-positive microorganisms - Incorrect. Cephalosporins are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. B: Gram-negative microorganisms - Incorrect. Cephalosporins are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. D: Only bacteroide infections - Incorrect. Cephalosporins are effective against a wide range of bacteria, not limited to just bacteroide infections.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Quinolone derivatives are a class of antibiotics that target bacterial DNA synthesis. Step 2: Nalidixic acid is a first-generation quinolone derivative that inhibits DNA gyrase enzyme. Step 3: Nalidixic acid is effective against gram-negative bacteria, making it an antibacterial drug. Step 4: Nitrofurantoin is a nitrofuran antibiotic, not a quinolone derivative. Step 5: Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis, not DNA synthesis. Step 6: Metronidazole is an antimicrobial drug used for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, not a quinolone derivative.