Which of the following antienzymes is a proteolysis inhibitor?

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Common Cardiovascular Drugs Questions

Question 1 of 5

Which of the following antienzymes is a proteolysis inhibitor?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Identify the antienzyme that inhibits proteolysis. Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids by proteolytic enzymes. Step 2: Contrical is a proteolysis inhibitor that specifically inhibits trypsin, a digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins in the small intestine. Step 3: Sulbactam is a beta-lactamase inhibitor used in combination with antibiotics to prevent bacterial resistance. Step 4: Aminocaproic acid is a fibrinolysis inhibitor used to prevent excessive blood clot breakdown. Step 5: Disulfiram is an alcohol deterrent that inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, not proteolysis. Summary: Contrical (Choice A) is the correct answer as it directly inhibits a proteolytic enzyme involved in protein breakdown. Sulbactam, aminocaproic acid, and disulfiram do not target proteolysis enzymes.

Question 2 of 5

Indication for dihydrotachysterol administration is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for correct answer (A): 1. Dihydrotachysterol is a vitamin D analog used to treat parathyroid hormone resistance. 2. Parathyroid hormone resistance leads to impaired calcium absorption and bone mineralization. 3. Dihydrotachysterol helps increase calcium absorption and bone mineralization in these patients. Summary of incorrect choices: - B: Paget's disease is typically treated with bisphosphonates or calcitonin, not dihydrotachysterol. - C: Increased osteolysis is not a direct indication for dihydrotachysterol administration. - D: Hypophosphatemia is usually treated with phosphate supplements, not dihydrotachysterol.

Question 3 of 5

The drug can be used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A (Hydrochlorothiazide) is correct: 1. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that decreases urine volume by increasing water reabsorption. 2. In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the kidneys are unable to respond to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), causing excessive urine production. 3. Hydrochlorothiazide can help reduce urine output by enhancing water reabsorption, thus alleviating symptoms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Summary of other choices: - Choice B (Amiloride) is a potassium-sparing diuretic that does not directly address the underlying mechanism of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. - Choice C (Both of the above) is incorrect as only Hydrochlorothiazide is indicated for treating nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. - Choice D (Neither of the above) is incorrect as Hydrochlorothiazide is indeed

Question 4 of 5

Antibiotics altering permeability of cell membranes are:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Polymyxins. Polymyxins are antibiotics that work by altering the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane, leading to leakage of cellular contents and ultimately bacterial cell death. This mechanism of action is specific to polymyxins, making it the correct choice. Incorrect Choices: A: Glycopeptides - Glycopeptides work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, not by altering cell membrane permeability. C: Tetracyclines - Tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, they do not target cell membrane permeability. D: Cephalosporins - Cephalosporins interfere with cell wall synthesis, they do not directly affect cell membrane permeability.

Question 5 of 5

Ethambutol has the following unwanted effect:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice C: 1. Ethambutol is known to cause retrobulbar neuritis, a condition that affects the optic nerve leading to vision changes. 2. The specific symptom of red-green color blindness is commonly associated with ethambutol toxicity. 3. This effect is due to the drug's direct impact on the optic nerve. 4. Regular monitoring of visual acuity and color vision is recommended during ethambutol treatment. Summary of other choices: A. Cardiotoxicity: Ethambutol is not known to cause direct cardiotoxic effects. B. Immunetoxicity: Ethambutol primarily affects the optic nerve, not the immune system. D. Hepatotoxicity: Ethambutol is generally well-tolerated by the liver and does not commonly cause hepatotoxicity.

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