Which of the following antienzymes is a fibrinolysis inhibitor?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Aminocaproic acid. Aminocaproic acid is a known fibrinolysis inhibitor that works by preventing the breakdown of blood clots. It does this by inhibiting the activation of plasmin, the enzyme responsible for breaking down fibrin clots. Clavulanic acid and sulbactam are both beta-lactamase inhibitors used in combination with antibiotics to prevent bacterial resistance. Disulfiram is an alcohol deterrent used in the treatment of alcoholism and does not have any direct relation to fibrinolysis inhibition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because hypophosphatemia can lead to proximal muscle weakness and osteomalacia due to inadequate phosphate levels affecting muscle and bone health. Choice B is incorrect as the statement in the question is true. Choice C is incorrect as not all choices are correct. Choice D is incorrect as the statement is true, so it cannot be none.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amiloride (Midamor). Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic that helps the body retain potassium. Administering it to patients already taking potassium supplements can lead to hyperkalemia, an excessive level of potassium in the blood, which can be dangerous. Hydrochlorothiazide (A) and Furosemide (C) are not potassium-sparing diuretics and do not pose the same risk of hyperkalemia. Choice D is incorrect because Amiloride specifically interacts with potassium levels, making it crucial to avoid concurrent use with potassium supplements.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because biosynthetic penicillins are effective against a wide range of organisms listed in choice A. They work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, making them effective against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. Corynebacterium diphtheria, spirochetes, and Clostridium gangrene are all susceptible to penicillins. Choice B is incorrect because penicillins are not effective against mycobacterium species. Choice C is also incorrect because penicillins do not have activity against viruses. Choice D is incorrect because penicillins are not typically effective against Gram-negative cocci or Rickettsia, and they are not used for mycotic infections.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibition of folate synthesis. Aminosalicylic acid acts by inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase in the folate synthesis pathway of bacteria. This disrupts the production of essential folate cofactors needed for DNA and RNA synthesis, ultimately leading to bacterial growth inhibition. Incorrect choices: A: Inhibition of mycolic acids synthesis - This mechanism is associated with drugs like isoniazid in the treatment of mycobacterial infections. C: Inhibition of DNA dependent RNA polymerase - This mechanism is associated with drugs like rifampin. D: Inhibition of DNA gyrase - This mechanism is associated with drugs like fluoroquinolones.