Which of the following antidepressants has significant alfa2-adrenoreceptor antagonism?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mirtazapine. Mirtazapine is known to have significant alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonism, leading to increased release of norepinephrine and serotonin. This mechanism of action helps improve mood and alleviate depression symptoms. Amitriptyline, Nefazodone, and Doxepin do not have significant alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonism. Amitriptyline primarily works by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, Nefazodone primarily inhibits serotonin reuptake, and Doxepin primarily blocks histamine receptors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because industrial solvent inhalation can cause quick intoxication due to the rapid absorption into the bloodstream, euphoria and a relaxed feeling due to the effects on the central nervous system, disorientation, slow passage of time, and hallucinations due to the impact on brain function. Choices A, B, and C all reflect different aspects of the effects of industrial solvent inhalation on the body and mind, making them incorrect individually. The combination of these effects, as stated in option D, accurately represents the comprehensive impact of inhalation of industrial solvents.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sodium cromoglycate. Membrane-stabilizing agents stabilize cell membranes and prevent the release of inflammatory mediators. Sodium cromoglycate is a mast cell stabilizer that works by inhibiting the release of histamine and other inflammatory substances. Zileutin (A) is a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, Zafirlucast (C) and Montelukast (D) are leukotriene receptor antagonists, which work by blocking the action of leukotrienes, not by stabilizing cell membranes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epoetin alpha. Epoetin alpha is used in aplastic anemia to stimulate the production of red blood cells. In this condition, the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells. Epoetin alpha works by mimicking the action of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. Now, let's analyze the other choices: A: Fercoven - This is not a drug commonly used in the treatment of aplastic anemia. B: Cyanocobalamin - This is a form of vitamin B12 and is not typically used to treat aplastic anemia. D: Folic acid - While folic acid may be used in certain types of anemia, it is not the primary drug used in the treatment of aplastic anemia. In summary, Epoetin alpha is the correct choice as it directly addresses the underlying issue of inadequate red blood cell production in aplastic an

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. ACE inhibitors do not increase plasma cholesterol levels. ACE inhibitors improve hemodynamics by decreasing afterload, slow the progression of heart failure by preventing myocardial remodeling, and reduce secretion of aldosterone. Choice A is correct because ACE inhibitors reduce systemic vascular resistance, decreasing afterload. Choice C is correct because ACE inhibitors can prevent myocardial remodeling and slow the progression of heart failure. Choice D is correct because ACE inhibitors can reduce aldosterone secretion, leading to decreased sodium and water retention. Therefore, the incorrect statement among the choices is B.