Which of the following antibiotics is considered safe to use in newborn babies?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ampicillin. It is considered safe to use in newborn babies due to its efficacy against common bacterial infections in this age group. Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is often prescribed for neonatal sepsis and meningitis. It is also well-tolerated and has minimal side effects in newborns. A: Chloramphenicol is not recommended in newborns due to the risk of gray baby syndrome. B: Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole can cause kernicterus and other adverse effects in newborns. C: Tetracyclines can lead to tooth discoloration and inhibit bone growth in newborns.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Valacyclovir. Valacyclovir is a commonly prescribed antiviral medication used to treat genital herpes simplex virus infections. Firstly, it is a nucleoside analog that inhibits viral DNA replication, helping to reduce symptoms and prevent outbreaks. Additionally, Valacyclovir is well-tolerated and effective in managing herpes infections in young adults. Choice A, Amantadine, is an antiviral primarily used for treating influenza A virus infections and is not effective against herpes simplex viruses. Choice C, Lamivudine, is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV and hepatitis B infections, not herpes simplex virus infections. Choice D, Zanamivir, is also an antiviral used for treating influenza infections and is not indicated for genital herpes simplex virus infections.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Zidovudine. Zidovudine is known to cause bone marrow suppression, leading to decreased white blood cell and red blood cell counts. In this case, the patient's peripheral WBC count of 1000 and low hemoglobin after starting therapy are indicative of hematologic abnormalities consistent with zidovudine use. Acyclovir, Foscarnet, and Amantadine do not typically cause bone marrow suppression and are not associated with the hematologic abnormalities seen in this patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Ganciclovir is the preferred antiviral for CMV infections due to its effectiveness against CMV. 2. It works by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase, stopping viral replication. 3. Indinavir is a protease inhibitor used for HIV, not CMV. 4. Amantadine is used for influenza A virus, not CMV. 5. Foscarnet is an alternative for CMV if ganciclovir is not tolerated.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Benzathine penicillin. Benzathine penicillin has the longest duration of action among the choices because it is formulated as a salt that releases the active drug slowly over an extended period. The benzathine salt forms a depot at the injection site, leading to a sustained release of penicillin into the bloodstream. This results in a prolonged therapeutic effect and less frequent dosing compared to other penicillin preparations. Summary: - Choice B: Sodium penicillin has a shorter duration of action as it gets rapidly absorbed and eliminated from the body. - Choice C: Potassium penicillin is not a standard form of penicillin and does not exist as a distinct preparation. - Choice D: Procaine penicillin has an intermediate duration of action compared to benzathine penicillin due to the addition of procaine for local anesthesia, but it is not as long-acting.