Which of the following anemia is associated with splenomegaly:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Hereditary spherocytosis is associated with splenomegaly due to the spleen's increased destruction of abnormal red blood cells. In this condition, red blood cells have a spherical shape, making them more prone to destruction by the spleen. Chronic renal failure (A) is not typically associated with splenomegaly. Aplastic anemia (B) is characterized by bone marrow failure and does not directly involve the spleen. Sickle cell anemia (D) leads to splenomegaly in children but not in adults due to splenic sequestration crises, making it less likely to be the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: lithium. Lithium does not cause hemolytic anemia because it does not affect red blood cell destruction. Penicillin (A), Quinidine (C), and Methyldopa (D) are known to cause hemolytic anemia by various mechanisms, such as immune-mediated destruction or oxidative damage to red blood cells. In contrast, lithium's mechanism of action does not involve direct harm to red blood cells, making it the correct choice in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, hereditary spherocytosis. In this condition, the presence of jaundice and splenomegaly is due to the destruction of red blood cells by the spleen, leading to increased MCH. In liver cirrhosis (choice A), jaundice is due to impaired liver function. Thalassemia major (choice B) presents with severe anemia, not jaundice. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (choice C) is characterized by hemolytic anemia and not typically associated with splenomegaly and jaundice. Therefore, the presence of jaundice, splenomegaly, and increased MCH points towards hereditary spherocytosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice B (pancreatitis) being correct: 1. Sickle cell anemia primarily affects red blood cells, leading to vaso-occlusive crises. 2. Pancreatitis is not a known complication of sickle cell anemia. 3. Complications of sickle cell anemia commonly involve organs affected by sickling, such as the bones (osteomyelitis), kidneys (papillary necrosis), and heart (CHF). Summary: A: Papillary necrosis - Correct, as it can affect the kidneys in sickle cell anemia. B: Pancreatitis - Correct, as it is not a typical complication of sickle cell anemia. C: Osteomyelitis - Incorrect, as it can affect the bones in sickle cell anemia. D: CHF - Incorrect, as it can affect the heart in sickle cell anemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Macrocytosis is characterized by enlarged red blood cells. In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), macrocytosis is not a typical finding. The other conditions listed - anemia of myxedema, methotrexate-induced macrocytosis, and macrocytosis due to chronic alcoholism-induced liver disease - are associated with macrocytosis due to various underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as macrocytosis is not a characteristic feature of SLE.