Which of the following anemia is associated with splenomegaly:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, hereditary spherocytosis. This condition is characterized by a defect in red blood cell membrane proteins, leading to their premature destruction in the spleen, causing splenomegaly. In contrast, chronic renal failure (A) does not typically present with splenomegaly. Aplastic anemia (B) is characterized by bone marrow failure, not splenomegaly. Sickle cell anemia (D) is associated with splenomegaly in early childhood due to sequestration of damaged red blood cells, but splenomegaly usually resolves in later life.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: lithium. Lithium is not known to cause haemolytic anemia. Penicillin (A), Quinidine (C), and methyldopa (D) are associated with causing haemolytic anemia due to various mechanisms, such as immune-mediated destruction of red blood cells. In contrast, lithium is primarily used to treat mood disorders and does not have a direct link to causing haemolytic anemia. Therefore, by process of elimination and understanding the pharmacological effects of these drugs, we can determine that lithium is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: hereditary spherocytosis. In this condition, there is splenomegaly due to hemolysis, leading to jaundice. The increased MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) is a characteristic finding in hereditary spherocytosis. Liver cirrhosis (choice A) may cause jaundice but is not typically associated with splenomegaly and increased MCH. Thalassemia major (choice B) presents with microcytic anemia and not typically associated with increased MCH. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (choice C) is known for hemolysis but does not commonly present with splenomegaly and increased MCH.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: pancreatitis. Sickle cell anemia does not typically manifest with pancreatitis. The pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia involves sickle-shaped red blood cells leading to vaso-occlusive crises, resulting in complications such as papillary necrosis, osteomyelitis, and congestive heart failure. Pancreatitis is not a common complication of sickle cell anemia due to the absence of significant involvement of the pancreas in the disease process. Therefore, option B is the correct choice, as it does not align with the typical complications seen in sickle cell anemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Macrocytosis refers to larger-than-normal red blood cells. 2. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is not typically associated with macrocytosis. 3. Anemia of myxedema, methotrexate-induced, and chronic alcoholism-induced liver disease can all lead to macrocytosis. 4. Therefore, the correct answer is D: SLE, as it is not commonly associated with macrocytosis.