Which of the following anaesthetic agents is not indicated in low doses to provide analgesia for procedures not requiring loss of consciousness

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Methoxyflurane is not typically used in low doses for analgesia alone; it is primarily an inhalational anesthetic.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: DES, a synthetic estrogen, causes deep vein thrombosis (choice A), feminization of male offspring (choice B), and miscarriages (choice C) in pregnancy, linked to historical congenital anomalies (e.g., vaginal adenocarcinoma). Virilization of female offspring (choice D) isn't reported; DES mimics estrogen, not androgens. This exception highlights its teratogenic risks, banning its use in pregnancy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The parathyroid (choice D) regulates calcium via PTH, increasing blood levels. Pancreas (choice A) manages glucose, adrenals (choice B) stress hormones, thyroid (choice C) metabolism via calcitonin. Parathyroid's calcium role is primary.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) of an inhalational anesthetic is defined as the alveolar concentration at which 50% of patients do not move in response to a surgical stimulus. It is related to the blood/gas partition coefficient of the anesthetic, which determines the rate at which the anesthetic enters and leaves the bloodstream, influencing its potency.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The signs and symptoms described in the text, such as talkativeness, mydriasis, muscle twitching, hand tremor, elevated blood pressure, and increased heart rate, are consistent with the effects of amphetamine use. Amphetamine is a stimulant drug that can cause these symptoms by increasing the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Additionally, the patient being a drug user who tried different drugs supports the likelihood of amphetamine use, as it is commonly abused for its stimulant effects.