Which of the following agents might mask the hypoglycemic reaction in treated diabetic patients?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Beta-adrenergic antagonists. Beta-blockers can mask the typical signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia such as tremors, palpitations, and sweating by inhibiting the adrenergic response to low blood sugar levels. Other choices (A, B, C) are incorrect as they do not have the same mechanism of action in masking hypoglycemic reactions in diabetic patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cocaine blocks the reuptake of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerves, leading to excessive stimulation of adrenergic receptors. This causes increased blood pressure, which can result in a hypertensive crisis or stroke. Additionally, the vasoconstrictive effects of excess noradrenaline can lead to tissue damage in the nose when cocaine is inhaled frequently. Choices A and B are incorrect because cocaine does not directly block alpha adrenergic or muscarinic receptors. Choice D is incorrect because cocaine does not deplete norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve endings but rather increases its concentration by blocking reuptake.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Don't stop taking this medication without a doctor's advice first." Abruptly stopping a β-blocker can lead to severe adverse reactions like rebound hypertension, angina exacerbation, or arrhythmias due to sudden withdrawal. This instruction is crucial to prevent these potentially dangerous consequences. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: B: β-blockers are not known to commonly cause urinary frequency, so this warning is unnecessary. C: Blurred vision is not a common side effect of β-blockers, so this warning is irrelevant. D: While constipation can be a side effect of some medications, it is not a prominent side effect of β-blockers, so this advice is not essential for patients taking β-blockers.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because removing hawks would lead to an increase in both grasshoppers and rabbits. Hawks are natural predators of both grasshoppers and rabbits. With fewer hawks preying on them, the populations of grasshoppers and rabbits would increase due to reduced predation pressure. Choice A is incorrect because the removal of hawks would lead to an increase in grasshoppers and rabbits, not no change. Choice B is incorrect because removing hawks would not cause a decrease in grasshoppers but rather an increase. Choice C is incorrect because the removal of hawks would actually result in an increase in the populations of both grasshoppers and rabbits, not no change.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: filtrate, evaporation. In process 1, aqueous sodium chloride would form the filtrate after filtration, as the solid residue is left behind. In process 2, evaporation is used to separate the solvent (water) from the dissolved salt, leaving behind the pure salt. Choice A is incorrect because residue is the solid left behind, not the liquid portion (filtrate). Choice B is incorrect as filtration results in the filtrate, not the residue. Choice D is incorrect as the filtrate undergoes evaporation, not filtration.