Which of the following agents may cause tremors as a side effect and, thus, should be used with caution in patients with Parkinson's disease, even though it is also indicated for the treatment of dementia associated with Parkinson's disease?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rivastigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, treats Parkinson's disease dementia by enhancing cholinergic function, improving cognition. However, increased acetylcholine can exacerbate tremors, a core Parkinson's symptom, by disrupting dopamine-acetylcholine balance in the basal ganglia, requiring cautious use. Benztropine, an anticholinergic, reduces tremors, not causes them. Rotigotine, a dopamine agonist, improves motor symptoms. Dimethyl fumarate manages MS, not Parkinson's dementia, and lacks tremor association. Rivastigmine's benefit in dementia must be weighed against its potential to worsen tremors, making it the drug needing careful monitoring in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, treats hypertension by blocking aldosterone, reducing sodium reabsorption while retaining potassium . This risks hyperkalemia (>5.0 mEq/L), causing arrhythmias or muscle weakness, especially in renal impairment. Monitoring potassium closely ensures early detection, critical for safety. Sodium may drop mildly but isn't the primary concern. Calcium and magnesium aren't directly affected. Potassium's elevation aligns with spironolactone's mechanism, distinct from other diuretics that deplete it, making it the priority electrolyte. Regular checks (e.g., serum levels) prevent toxicity, particularly in hypertension where cardiac stability is key, thus B is the nurse's focus for vigilant monitoring and timely intervention.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.