ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology The Respiratory System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following agents is available as a patch for once-daily use and is likely to provide steady drug levels to treat Alzheimer's disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rivastigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, treats Alzheimer's by increasing acetylcholine, improving cognition. Its transdermal patch delivers steady drug levels daily, minimizing peaks/troughs and reducing GI side effects (e.g., nausea) compared to oral forms, enhancing compliance. Donepezil, memantine, and galantamine are oral, lacking a once-daily patch; donepezil's long half-life mimics steady-state but isn't transdermal. Glatiramer treats MS, not Alzheimer's. Rivastigmine's patch formulation ensures consistent cholinergic enhancement, critical for sustained symptom relief in Alzheimer's, distinguishing it as the optimal choice here.
Question 2 of 5
A 54-year-old man with an attack of gout approximately 4 months ago was placed on allopurinol. He now presents to his primary care physician complaining of a skin rash on his arms. Allopurinol was discontinued 3 months ago. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rash 3 months after stopping allopurinol suggests contact dermatitis . Allopurinol's hypersensitivity resolves faster. Dermatitis herpetiformis , carcinoma , and telangiectasia (E) don't fit. An external allergen likely caused this delayed presentation.
Question 3 of 5
A 48-year-old woman with 2-year history of rheumatoid arthritis has not had sufficient relief with methotrexate alone. Her physician prescribes etanercept to help control her symptoms. How does etanercept work?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Etanercept, a TNF-α inhibitor, works by inhibiting TNF-α signaling , reducing RA inflammation. Substance P depletion , COX inhibition , and chemotaxis inhibition are unrelated. Arachidonic acid prevention (E) isn't its role. This targets a key RA cytokine.
Question 4 of 5
Hemostatic agents that arrest the flow of blood from small vessels by precipitating the tissue proteins in the immediate area:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Styptics and astringents are hemostatic agents that work by precipitating tissue proteins in the immediate area of a small vessel to stop bleeding. Styptics such as alum, silver nitrate, and ferric subsulfate directly induce coagulation at the site of bleeding, forming a protective scab to stop the flow of blood. Astringents like tannic acid work by tightening the tissue proteins around the blood vessel to create a seal and halt bleeding. These agents are commonly used in the management of minor cuts and wounds to promote hemostasis.
Question 5 of 5
A side effect given off by
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A side effect of a medication is an unintended or undesired effect that occurs in addition to the desired therapeutic effect. Bloody stools can be a serious side effect of certain medications, indicating potential gastrointestinal bleeding. It is important to monitor for this side effect and report it to a healthcare provider promptly if observed, as it may require immediate medical attention. Changes in stomach pH, thirst, and constipation are also potential side effects of medications, but bloody stools indicate a more severe issue that should be addressed promptly.