ATI RN
Central and Peripheral Nervous System Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following adverse effects was most likely to occur in the patient receiving local injections of botulinum toxin for benign essential blepharospasm?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Eyelid ptosis. Botulinum toxin injections can weaken the muscles, leading to eyelid ptosis (drooping). This is a common adverse effect seen in patients receiving these injections for benign essential blepharospasm. Other choices are incorrect: A, retinal detachment, is not associated with botulinum toxin injections; B, visual hallucinations, are not a common side effect; C, visual loss, is not a typical adverse effect of botulinum toxin injections for blepharospasm.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Levetiracetam. Levetiracetam is a commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug due to its broad spectrum of activity and favorable side effect profile. It is often used as a first-line treatment for various types of seizures. Carbamazepine, valproic acid, and phenobarbital are also antiepileptic drugs, but Levetiracetam is preferred in many cases due to its lower potential for drug interactions and side effects. Therefore, based on the information provided, Levetiracetam is the most likely drug to be prescribed in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
A 54-year-old woman with a previously well-controlled seizure disorder was brought to the hospital because of recurrent, generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The patient was intubated and mechanically ventilated. She was treated with intravenous diazepam and fosphenytoin but continued to exhibit intermittent seizures and did not regain consciousness between them. A diagnosis of refractory status epilepticus was made. A large dose of which of the following drugs would be appropriate to add to the patient's therapy at this time?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Valproic acid. Valproic acid is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug effective in treating refractory status epilepticus. It acts on multiple mechanisms, making it suitable for cases not responding to first-line treatments. Diazepam (A) is already being used, and adding more might not be effective. Ethosuximide (B) is indicated for absence seizures, not generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Carbamazepine (D) is ineffective in treating status epilepticus.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following drugs most likely caused the patient's signs and symptoms?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lamotrigine. Lamotrigine is known to cause a rare but serious skin reaction called Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS). The patient's signs and symptoms are consistent with SJS, which include fever, sore throat, skin rash, and blistering. Gabapentin (A), Clonazepam (C), and Phenytoin (D) are not commonly associated with SJS. Summary: A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not known to cause SJS, unlike Lamotrigine which is a known culprit for this severe skin reaction.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed for the 12-year-old girl with extensive jaundice?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lamotrigine. Lamotrigine is commonly prescribed for epilepsy, which can present with symptoms like jaundice. As a 12-year-old girl with extensive jaundice, the most likely underlying condition is epilepsy, making lamotrigine the appropriate choice. Gabapentin (A) is not typically used for jaundice or epilepsy in children. Phenobarbital (C) is an older antiepileptic drug with more side effects than lamotrigine, making it less likely for a pediatric patient. Diazepam (D) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and seizures but is not the first-line treatment for epilepsy in children.