Which of the following actions should the nurse carry out first in a client with a chemical splash in the eye?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a scenario where a client has a chemical splash in the eye, the nurse's initial action should be to flush the eyes with running water. This is the correct choice because it helps to immediately remove the chemical from the eye and prevent further damage. Flushing with water can dilute and wash away the chemical, reducing its contact time with the eye and minimizing potential harm. Instilling an antibiotic (Option B) is not the first action to take in this situation. While antibiotics may be necessary if there is an infection, they should not be the initial intervention for a chemical splash. Applying an eye pad (Option C) is also not appropriate as it does not address the urgent need to remove the chemical. Rubbing the eyes vigorously (Option D) can actually worsen the situation by causing further irritation and spreading the chemical. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to prioritize interventions based on the urgency of the situation. Immediate and appropriate actions can significantly impact the outcome for the client. Understanding the rationale behind each action helps nurses make informed decisions in emergency situations, ultimately providing safe and effective care to their patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In ear irrigation for wax removal, the nurse should hold the syringe towards the roof of the canal (Option A) to ensure the safe and effective removal of wax. This direction allows the irrigation solution to flow down and out of the ear, helping to dislodge and flush out the wax without causing injury to the eardrum. Option B, towards the eardrum, is incorrect as directing the solution towards the eardrum can cause damage or discomfort to the delicate structures of the ear, including the eardrum itself. Option C, towards the nasal cavity, is incorrect as this direction would not effectively remove earwax and could potentially introduce the solution into the Eustachian tube, leading to complications. Option D, towards the helix, is also incorrect as it does not facilitate the proper irrigation and removal of earwax. Educationally, understanding the correct technique for ear irrigation is crucial for nurses to provide safe and efficient care to patients. By holding the syringe towards the roof of the canal, nurses can ensure optimal outcomes while minimizing the risk of complications or harm to the patient's ear. Practice and mastery of this skill are essential for nurses working in various healthcare settings to promote patient comfort and safety during ear care procedures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In older clients with hearing impairments, frequent contact and reorientation are important to prevent disorientation. This is because hearing impairments can lead to difficulties in communication and understanding, which can contribute to feelings of disorientation. By providing frequent contact and reorientation, healthcare providers can help older clients stay connected, informed, and oriented to their surroundings. Option A, the use of written notes and a walking cane, addresses visual and mobility concerns but does not directly address the issue of disorientation caused by hearing impairments. Option B, referring to a local support group, may be helpful for emotional support but does not specifically target the issue of disorientation. Option D, avoiding outdoor activities, is not a comprehensive solution and may lead to social isolation, which can exacerbate feelings of disorientation in older clients. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the unique challenges faced by older clients with hearing impairments and to implement appropriate strategies to promote their well-being and prevent adverse outcomes like disorientation. By prioritizing frequent contact and reorientation, healthcare professionals can enhance the quality of care provided to this vulnerable population.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of viral conjunctivitis, the correct treatment is supportive care (Option C). Viral conjunctivitis is typically a self-limiting condition caused by a virus, and in most cases, it will resolve on its own without the need for specific medical treatment. Supportive care includes applying warm compresses to the affected eye, practicing good hygiene to prevent spreading the infection, and avoiding contact lens use until the infection clears up. Antibiotic drops (Option A) are not effective against viral infections and are commonly used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis. Steroid drops (Option B) can actually worsen viral conjunctivitis as they may suppress the immune response needed to fight off the virus. Surgical intervention (Option D) is not indicated for viral conjunctivitis as it is a non-invasive condition that typically resolves without the need for surgery. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate treatment for different types of conjunctivitis is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide effective care to patients. Recognizing the distinction between viral, bacterial, and allergic conjunctivitis helps in implementing the right treatment approach, thereby improving patient outcomes and preventing unnecessary interventions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and medical-surgical practice, understanding the primary symptom of Bell's palsy is essential for accurate assessment and management. The correct answer is A) Facial drooping. Bell's palsy is a condition characterized by sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face, leading to drooping. This occurs due to inflammation or compression of the facial nerve, typically caused by a viral infection such as herpes simplex. Option B) Hearing loss is not typically associated with Bell's palsy. While some individuals may experience changes in taste or hypersensitivity to sound, hearing loss is not a primary symptom. Option C) Eye pain is also not a primary symptom of Bell's palsy. However, individuals with Bell's palsy may experience difficulty closing one eye, leading to dryness and potential corneal exposure issues. Option D) Tinnitus, the perception of noise or ringing in the ears, is not a characteristic symptom of Bell's palsy. Tinnitus is more commonly associated with conditions affecting the ear or auditory nerve. Educationally, understanding the key symptoms of Bell's palsy not only aids in accurate diagnosis but also informs appropriate pharmacological interventions such as corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and antivirals in some cases. This knowledge is crucial for nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients with Bell's palsy.