Which of the following actions demonstrate effective public health nursing practice in the community?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct: 1. Public health nursing practice focuses on providing services efficiently. 2. Increasing staff numbers can enhance service delivery and reach more community members. 3. More staff means better coverage, improved response times, and increased effectiveness. 4. By expanding staff, public health agencies can better address community needs and promote health. Summary: A: While important, epidemiologic investigations are not exclusive to nursing practice. B: Although organizing services for vulnerable populations is crucial, it does not demonstrate effective practice on its own. C: Establishing partnerships is valuable but does not directly indicate effective nursing practice. D: Increasing staff numbers is key to providing comprehensive and effective public health nursing services.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the Constitution gives the federal government the power to promote the general welfare through programs like healthcare. This power is outlined in the General Welfare Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8). The federal government's involvement in healthcare is a way to ensure the well-being of all citizens and promote public health. Choice A is incorrect because the federal government's involvement in healthcare is not solely based on the states' request. Choice B is incorrect because the federal government's involvement is not just due to rising costs to the states. Choice D is incorrect because while standardizing care on a national level may be a benefit, it is not the primary reason for federal involvement in healthcare.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because managed care controls costs by requiring families to choose a care provider from the MC network. This allows the MC to negotiate discounted rates with specific providers, ensuring cost-effective care delivery. By restricting access to other services without provider permission, MC can manage utilization and reduce unnecessary costs. Choice A is incorrect because encouraging the use of specific practice associates does not directly control costs. Choice C is incorrect as moving Medicaid-eligible families to state Medicare enrollment does not necessarily reduce costs. Choice D is incorrect as denying access to urgent care or emergency services can compromise patient safety and is not a cost-effective strategy for managing care expenses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Community health center. Public health nurses often direct uninsured clients to community health centers as they offer primary care services on a sliding fee scale based on income. This ensures access to essential healthcare services without the barrier of cost. Managed care (A) typically requires insurance coverage, the emergency department (C) is costly and primarily for emergencies, and physician offices (D) may not be affordable for uninsured clients. Community health centers prioritize providing care to underserved populations, making them the most suitable option for the client in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the client's statement does not indicate a professional negligence claim. Negligence in healthcare is based on a breach of the standard of care resulting in harm. In this case, the lack of a call light and monitoring does not directly connect to a breach of the standard of care. Choices A, B, and D all involve clear instances of potential negligence resulting in harm, such as failure to follow turning protocols, failure to remove a tight cast leading to nerve damage, and performing surgery on the wrong limb. These scenarios demonstrate a direct link between the healthcare provider's actions and the resulting harm, making them more appropriate grounds for a professional negligence claim.