Which of the following actions by Florence Nightingale demonstrates her role as an epidemiologist?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because Florence Nightingale demonstrated her role as an epidemiologist by showing that a safer environment led to decreased mortality rates. She implemented measures such as improving sanitation, ventilation, and hygiene in hospitals during the Crimean War, resulting in a significant reduction in deaths. This exemplifies her understanding of how environmental factors impact public health outcomes. Choice A is incorrect because convincing others to provide nursing care does not directly relate to epidemiology. Choice D is incorrect as addressing water, food supplies, lice, and rats pertains more to public health and sanitation practices rather than epidemiology. Choice C is left blank as it does not provide any relevant information.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it presents a compelling argument for increased funding by highlighting the urgency of addressing the diabetes issue as an epidemic. This term emphasizes the seriousness and widespread nature of the problem, which is likely to grab the attention of the health board. Choices B, C, and D all mention an increase in diabetes incidence or prevalence, but they lack the sense of urgency and gravity conveyed by the term 'epidemic.' B does not provide a strong enough reason for increased funding, while C and D focus solely on the statistical aspect without emphasizing the significance of the situation. In summary, A effectively communicates the urgent need for action, making it the most persuasive choice for securing additional funding.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Web of causality. This model emphasizes the complexity of disease causation by considering multiple interacting factors. It recognizes that diseases result from a web of interconnected factors rather than a simple cause-effect relationship. The nurse would most likely use this model to understand the intricate relationships between biological, social, and environmental factors contributing to disease. Option A: "Which of the following models would the nurse most likely use?" is not a model itself but a question, so it is not a valid choice. Option B: Epidemiologic triangle focuses on the host, agent, and environment as the three key factors contributing to disease causation, which is a simpler model than the web of causality. Option C: Health promotion is a strategy to prevent disease rather than a model that explains the multifactorial nature of disease causation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sensitivity. The regular blood pressure cuff may lack sensitivity when obtaining blood pressure readings because it may not accurately detect subtle changes in blood pressure levels. Sensitivity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals with the condition (high blood pressure, in this case). Since a regular cuff may not be as precise as specialized equipment, it could miss detecting high blood pressure in some individuals, leading to inaccurate readings. A: Reliability - Reliability refers to the consistency of measurements. While a regular cuff may be consistent in its readings, it may not be sensitive enough to accurately detect high blood pressure in all individuals. C: Specificity - Specificity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals without the condition. The regular cuff's lack of sensitivity may not impact its specificity. D: Validity - Validity refers to the accuracy of a test in measuring what it is intended to measure. The regular cuff may still provide valid blood pressure readings within

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: They are close friends. The key to this question lies in the fact that the two women agree on almost everything and have similar preferences. Close friends often share common interests, influencing each other's choices and preferences over time. This close bond creates a strong sense of connection and understanding, leading to agreement on various topics. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because membership in the same birth cohort, attending the same school, or going to the same church do not inherently explain the similarity in preferences and agreement between the two women as well as the close friendship does.