Which of the ff vessels is often used for grafting?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The internal mammary and internal thoracic arteries in the chest are often used for grafting in procedures such as coronary artery bypass surgery. These arteries have been found to have good long-term patency rates when used as grafts to bypass blocked coronary arteries. The internal mammary artery, in particular, is commonly used for this purpose due to its accessibility and long-term durability. The use of these arteries for grafting helps to improve blood flow to the heart muscle, relieving symptoms of coronary artery disease and reducing the risk of heart-related complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Providing clear liquids only until the patient can swallow solid foods is not recommended as it restricts the patient's diet unnecessarily. In the case of difficulty swallowing after a stroke, it is important to modify the food consistency and provide appropriate techniques to support safe swallowing. Limiting the patient to clear liquids only could lead to inadequate nutrition and hydration. Instead, it is important to modify the diet consistency and use strategies such as altering the food presentation, having the patient swallow twice after each bite, placing food on the unaffected side of the mouth, and checking for pocketing of food to help prevent aspiration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nerves from the thoracic cord supply the trunk of the body. The thoracic spinal cord region is responsible for supplying nerves to the chest, abdomen, and back—the areas that make up the trunk of the body. Each level of the thoracic spinal cord is associated with specific nerves that innervate different areas of the trunk, including the intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles, and other structures. Therefore, the trunk is the part of the body supplied by nerves from the thoracic cord.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) might be ordered to help control symptoms of multiple sclerosis and possibly induce a remission. ACTH is sometimes used as a treatment option for multiple sclerosis due to its anti-inflammatory properties. It can help reduce inflammation in the central nervous system and, in some cases, lead to a decrease in symptoms and possibly induce a remission. However, it is important to note that ACTH is not commonly used as a first-line treatment for multiple sclerosis and is usually reserved for cases that are refractory to other medications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the presence of coma or unconsciousness, maintaining a clear airway is the major therapeutic measure to ensure adequate breathing and oxygenation. A clear airway is vital for the patient's survival and should be the priority to prevent respiratory distress or failure. Providing good nursing care is important for overall patient well-being, but ensuring a clear airway is crucial for immediate life support. Retention of a catheter is not a major therapeutic measure in the context of coma or unconsciousness unless specifically indicated for monitoring or treatment of underlying conditions. Therefore, the most critical intervention in this scenario is the maintenance of a clear airway.