ATI RN
Free Pediatric CCRN Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the ff signs may be revealed by a visual examination in a client with tonsillar infection if group A streptococci is the cause?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presence of white patches on the tonsils is a visual sign that may be revealed by a visual examination in a client with a tonsillar infection caused by group A streptococci. These white patches are known as exudates and can be a characteristic feature of streptococcal tonsillitis. These exudates may range in appearance from small white spots to larger patches that cover the tonsils. Additionally, other signs commonly associated with streptococcal tonsillitis may include swollen and red tonsils, fever, sore throat, and sometimes swollen lymph nodes in the neck. It is important to note that definitive diagnosis often requires laboratory testing such as a rapid strep test or throat culture to confirm the presence of group A streptococci.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the patient's daily PT and INR levels. The PT level is 26 (normal = 9 to 12 seconds). Which of the ff. actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A PT level of 26 seconds is significantly above the normal range of 9 to 12 seconds. This indicates that the patient's blood is taking much longer to clot than usual, which may put the patient at risk for bleeding. It is important for the nurse to inform the physician before giving the next dose of warfarin because warfarin is a medication that helps prevent blood clots by thinning the blood. However, in this case, the patient's blood is already thin beyond the target range, so giving the next dose of warfarin without physician guidance may further increase the risk of bleeding. The physician may need to adjust the dose or recommend other interventions to manage the patient's PT levels effectively.
Question 3 of 5
The thymus gland role with the immune system is which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The thymus gland plays a crucial role in the immune system as it is primarily responsible for the maturation and differentiation of T lymphocytes (T cells). T cells are essential for cell-mediated immunity and play a key role in recognizing and attacking pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells. The thymus is where immature T cells mature and undergo education to ensure they can distinguish between self and non-self antigens effectively. This process is crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system to protect the body from infections and diseases.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the ff causes memory cells to convert to plasma cells?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Memory cells are a type of immune cell that "remembers" a specific antigen through previous exposure. When the body encounters the same antigen again during a re-exposure, the memory cells quickly recognize it and can rapidly convert into effector cells, such as plasma cells. Plasma cells are specialized cells that produce antibodies targeted against that specific antigen. This rapid conversion process allows the immune system to mount a quicker and more effective response upon encountering the antigen for the second time.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is teaching a patient newly diagnosed with AIDS about complications of the disease. Which of the following is the most common opportunistic infection in AIDS?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic infection in individuals with AIDS. PCP is caused by a fungus called Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii). Patients with AIDS have compromised immune systems, making them susceptible to opportunistic infections like PCP. This infection can be life-threatening if not treated promptly with appropriate antibiotics. Symptoms of PCP include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Early recognition and treatment of PCP are crucial in patients with AIDS to prevent severe complications.