Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Keep extremities at neutral position. This intervention promotes proper blood flow and reduces the risk of thrombophlebitis by preventing compression or restriction of blood vessels. Removing and reapplying elastic stockings (choice A) can disrupt circulation and increase the risk of thrombophlebitis. Changing the client's position (choice C) may not directly address hemostasis or thrombophlebitis. Using a flotation mattress (choice D) is not specifically focused on maintaining proper positioning of the extremities to promote circulation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Keep extremities at neutral position. This intervention promotes proper blood flow and reduces the risk of thrombophlebitis by preventing compression or restriction of blood vessels. Removing and reapplying elastic stockings (choice A) can disrupt circulation and increase the risk of thrombophlebitis. Changing the client's position (choice C) may not directly address hemostasis or thrombophlebitis. Using a flotation mattress (choice D) is not specifically focused on maintaining proper positioning of the extremities to promote circulation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D - Patency of airway and adequacy of respiration. This is the most important assessment during the acute stage of an unconscious patient like Mr. Franco because maintaining a clear airway and ensuring proper breathing are crucial for sustaining life. Without a patent airway and adequate respiration, the patient's oxygen supply could be compromised, leading to serious complications such as hypoxia or respiratory failure. Monitoring the airway and respiratory status takes precedence over other assessments in this scenario. A: Level of awareness and response to pain - While important, assessing level of awareness and response to pain is secondary to ensuring a patent airway and adequate respiration in an unconscious patient. B: Papillary reflexes and response to sensory stimuli - While these assessments provide valuable information about neurological function, they are not as critical as maintaining a clear airway and proper breathing in an unconscious patient. C: Coherence and sense of hearing - Coherence and sense of hearing are not as vital as

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Maintaining the integrity of the urinary system. This is crucial in preoperative preparation for a client with malignant tumors to prevent complications such as urinary obstruction or infection. Assessing symptoms of peritonitis (B) is important but not as critical as ensuring urinary system integrity. Insertion of an ostomy pouch (A) and nasogastric tube diversion procedure (D) may be necessary interventions for some cases, but they are not as essential as ensuring the urinary system's integrity to prevent serious complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nausea and vomiting. Chemotherapeutic drugs commonly cause nausea and vomiting due to their effect on the gastrointestinal system. This is because these drugs can irritate the stomach lining and trigger the vomiting center in the brain. Nausea and vomiting are well-documented side effects of chemotherapy and are often managed with antiemetic medications. A: Painful mouth sores are a common side effect of some chemotherapeutic drugs, but they are not the most common adverse effect. C: Frequent diarrhea can occur as a side effect of chemotherapy, but it is less common than nausea and vomiting. D: Constipation is not a common adverse effect of chemotherapeutic drugs; in fact, diarrhea is more commonly seen.