Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Renal failure. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can lead to hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis, causing decreased perfusion to the kidneys and potentially leading to renal failure. Monitoring for signs of renal failure, such as decreased urine output and elevated creatinine levels, is crucial in managing clients with ARDS. Incorrect choices: A: Chest wall bulging is not a common complication of ARDS. It may be seen in conditions like tension pneumothorax. C: Difficulty swallowing is not a typical complication of ARDS. It may be seen in neurological conditions or esophageal disorders. D: Orthopnea is not a direct complication of ARDS. It is more commonly associated with heart failure or pulmonary edema.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Peritonitis. Peritonitis is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis due to infection of the peritoneum. It can lead to serious consequences if not treated promptly. The nurse should monitor for signs of peritonitis such as abdominal pain, cloudy dialysate, fever, and increased white blood cell count. Internal hemorrhage (A), hydronephrosis (B), and ecchymosis (C) are not major complications specific to peritoneal dialysis. Internal hemorrhage can occur but is less common. Hydronephrosis is more related to obstruction of the ureters. Ecchymosis refers to bruising and is not directly associated with peritoneal dialysis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, "Fluid volume deficit R/T uncontrolled vomiting." This option correctly identifies the cause of the fluid volume deficit as uncontrolled vomiting, which is a common reason for fluid loss. The nursing diagnosis should always reflect the underlying cause of the issue. A is incorrect as "furrow tongue" is not a recognized medical term related to fluid volume deficit. C is incorrect because dehydration is not typically related to subnormal body temperature unless it is severe. D is incorrect as incessant vomiting is more specific to the cause, but the term "dehydration" should be used instead of "fluid volume deficit" in this context. In summary, option B is the appropriate nursing diagnosis as it accurately links the fluid volume deficit to the cause of uncontrolled vomiting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a lack of response to intradermal anergy testing suggests an inability to mount a normal delayed-type hypersensitivity response, indicating immunodeficiency. This could be due to conditions such as HIV, which impairs cell-mediated immunity. Choice A is incorrect because absence of reaction does not necessarily indicate lack of previous exposure to antigens. Choice B is incorrect as the absence of response doesn't confirm the presence of antibodies. Choice D is incorrect because anergy testing is not used to assess allergy, but rather to evaluate cell-mediated immunity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct: 1. Hypercalcemia can lead to dehydration due to increased urine output. 2. Encouraging 3 to 4 L of fluid daily helps prevent dehydration and promote renal excretion of excess calcium. 3. Adequate hydration reduces the risk of kidney stones and other complications associated with hypercalcemia. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: - Choice B (bed rest) does not directly address hypercalcemia complications. - Choice C (cough and deep breathe) is unrelated to managing hypercalcemia. - Choice D (apply heat to painful areas) does not address the underlying cause of hypercalcemia or its complications.