Which of the calcium preparations is the most preferable for IV injection

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Calcium chloride (0.68-1.36 meq calcium/mL), as it has the highest concentration of calcium per mL among the options. This makes it the most preferable for IV injection, providing a more efficient delivery of calcium to the body. Choice A, Calcium gluceptate, has a lower calcium concentration compared to Calcium chloride, making it less preferable for IV injection. Choice B, Calcium gluconate, also has a lower calcium concentration compared to Calcium chloride, making it less optimal for IV administration. Therefore, Calcium chloride is the best choice for IV injection due to its higher calcium concentration, ensuring effective calcium supplementation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Vancomycin is associated with pseudomembranous colitis due to disruption of normal gut flora. Step 2: Vancomycin can cause hepatotoxicity, indicated by elevated liver enzymes. Step 3: "Red neck" syndrome and phlebitis are potential adverse effects of rapid infusion. Step 4: Since all the mentioned effects are associated with vancomycin, D is the correct answer. Summary: A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not encompass all the unwanted effects of vancomycin as mentioned in the question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Iodoquinol. Iodoquinol is used for amoebiasis treatment due to its effectiveness against the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It works by disrupting the energy metabolism of the parasite. Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic primarily used for urinary tract infections. Pyrazinamide is used for tuberculosis treatment. Mefloquine is primarily used for malaria prophylaxis and treatment. Therefore, B is the correct choice for amoebiasis treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct: 1. Didanozine is known to cause peripheral neuropathy and pancreatitis as unwanted effects. 2. Hyperuricemia is also a possible side effect of didanozine. 3. Hallucinations, dizziness, insomnia (A) are not typically associated with didanozine. 4. Anemia, neutropenia, nausea (B) are not common side effects of didanozine. 5. Hypertension, vomiting, diarrhea (C) are also not typically linked to didanozine. In summary, choice D is correct because it accurately lists unwanted effects of didanozine, while the other choices do not align with common side effects of this medication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Erythromycin-induced increase in digoxin oral bioavailability. Erythromycin inhibits the metabolism of digoxin, leading to increased serum levels and potential toxicity. This explains the patient's symptoms. A: Hydrochlorothiazide-induced hypokalemia may cause weakness, but not specific symptoms related to digoxin toxicity. C: Hydrochlorothiazide-induced hypocalcemia does not directly impact digoxin levels or cause digoxin toxicity symptoms. D: Captopril-induced decrease in digoxin clearance may increase digoxin levels, but not through oral bioavailability like erythromycin.