Which of histamine H1 antagonists is noted for the ulcerogenic effect?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Dimedrol. Dimedrol, also known as diphenhydramine, is noted for its ulcerogenic effect due to its anticholinergic properties, which can inhibit mucosal protection in the stomach. Diazoline (A), Loratadine (B), and Suprastine (C) are not associated with ulcerogenic effects as they do not possess strong anticholinergic properties like Dimedrol. Diazoline is a histamine H1 antagonist used for allergies, Loratadine is a non-sedating antihistamine, and Suprastine is an antihistamine with antiallergic effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Familial chylomicronemia (type I) is indeed caused by a deficiency in lipoprotein lipase activity. Lipoprotein lipase is essential for breaking down chylomicrons, which are fat particles in the blood. Without enough lipoprotein lipase activity, chylomicrons accumulate in the blood, leading to symptoms of type I hyperlipoproteinemia. Therefore, the deficiency in lipoprotein lipase activity is the primary cause of familial chylomicronemia. Summary of other choices: B: FALSE - This is incorrect as the deficiency in lipoprotein lipase activity is the cause of familial chylomicronemia. C: All - This is incorrect as not all choices are correct. Only choice A is true. D: None - This is incorrect as choice A is true.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases serum calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and kidney reabsorption of calcium. Step 2: PTH decreases serum phosphate levels by promoting renal excretion of phosphate. Step 3: Therefore, the statement that PTH increases serum calcium and decreases serum phosphate is true. Step 4: Choice A is correct as it accurately reflects the actions of PTH. Step 5: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the effects of PTH on serum calcium and phosphate levels.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because calcium interactions with other drugs involve various mechanisms. Ethanol decreases calcium absorption, loop diuretics increase renal excretion of calcium, and glucocorticoids stimulate renal excretion. Therefore, all of the above options are correct in describing different interactions of calcium with these drugs. The incorrect choices are A, B, and C because they do not accurately represent the interactions with calcium as described in the question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Collecting duct. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that acts on the aldosterone receptor in the collecting duct of the nephron. This inhibits sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion, leading to increased excretion of sodium and water while retaining potassium. The other choices (A, B, C) are incorrect because spironolactone does not primarily act on the proximal convoluted tubule, ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle, or distal convoluted tubule.