Which nursing statement describes the basis of the ethical theory called utilitarianism?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: C is correct because it reflects the utilitarian principle of maximizing overall well-being. By preventing one client from smoking in the day room, the nurse is prioritizing the health and well-being of all clients in that space. This action aims to benefit the greatest number of individuals. Incorrect Choices: A: This statement reflects autonomy (ethical principle), not utilitarianism. B: This statement reflects the golden rule (ethical principle), not utilitarianism. D: This statement emphasizes equality and access to care, not the utilitarian principle of maximizing overall well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates the client's understanding of her own agency and ability to take control of her situation. By acknowledging her strength to leave if she feels threatened, the client shows an awareness of her own capabilities and empowerment. This statement indicates that the client is moving towards autonomy and taking steps to ensure her safety. Choice A reflects a sense of fatalism and resignation, which does not demonstrate competence. Choice C minimizes the abuse by attributing it to an external factor (anger management issue) rather than recognizing it as a pattern of behavior. Choice D relies on the abuser's promises rather than the client's own actions and decision-making, which does not indicate competence.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Educating local citizen groups on the needs and experiences of the mentally ill in their community. This intervention addresses the root cause of stigma - lack of understanding and awareness. By educating the community, misconceptions can be corrected, empathy can be cultivated, and stigma can be reduced. Choice A does not directly address stigma reduction but rather focuses on minimizing reliance on the community. Choice B, while promoting acceptance, may not necessarily tackle stigma at its core. Choice D, improving socialization skills, is beneficial but may not address the systemic issue of stigma. Ultimately, educating the community is key to fostering a more inclusive and supportive environment for individuals with mental illness.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because food intake before electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can increase the risk of aspiration during the procedure, which can be life-threatening. Buttered toast, cooked cereal, tea, and juice are considered solid food items that should be avoided before ECT to prevent complications. Choices A, B, and C are not immediate contraindications for canceling the ECT session. A: The client's wife being late does not impact the safety of the procedure. B: Taking antihypertensive medication does not pose a direct risk before ECT. C: Fitful sleep and bad dreams do not indicate a need for cancellation unless related to a medical emergency.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because using a Likert scale to periodically ask group members to rate their ability to manage stress with the techniques learned provides quantitative data for evaluating progress. This method allows for tracking changes over time and identifying trends in stress management improvement. A is incorrect because it relies on subjective self-reporting at the last meeting only, which may not capture ongoing progress. B is incorrect as it focuses on individual demonstrations at each session, which may not reflect overall stress management improvement. D is incorrect as it relies on group evaluation at the final session, which may not provide consistent and individualized feedback throughout the program.