Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a client with chronic pain?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B (Administer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - NSAIDs) Rationale: 1. NSAIDs are commonly used for chronic pain management due to their anti-inflammatory properties. 2. NSAIDs target the underlying inflammation that often contributes to chronic pain. 3. Opioids may be reserved for severe pain due to their potential for addiction and side effects. 4. Monitoring blood pressure is important but not the primary intervention for chronic pain. 5. Acetaminophen is a mild pain reliever and may not be as effective for chronic pain compared to NSAIDs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct action is to obtain baseline information first, then do a complete assessment (Choice C). This is important as it allows the healthcare provider to gather initial vital signs and key information before proceeding with a thorough assessment. By obtaining baseline information first, the healthcare provider can assess the patient's current status and identify any urgent needs requiring immediate attention. This approach helps in prioritizing the assessment and subsequent interventions. Examining only the body areas related to the problem (Choice A) may lead to missing important clues to the patient's condition. Obtaining a thorough history and physical assessment from the family (Choice B) can provide valuable information but should not be the first step in assessing the patient's immediate needs. Examining the entire body to determine if the problem is linked to something else (Choice D) is not the most efficient approach as it may delay identifying and addressing the primary issue causing shortness of breath.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Severity. In the PQRSTU mnemonic, "S" stands for Severity, which refers to the intensity or seriousness of the symptoms experienced by the patient. This is crucial in assessing the impact of the problem on the patient's health and well-being. Incorrect choices: A: Swelling - Swelling is a physical symptom and does not encompass all aspects of the patient's perception. B: Subjectivity - While the patient's subjective experience is important, it does not specifically refer to severity. D: Symptoms - While symptoms are part of the patient's perception, the "S" in PQRSTU specifically focuses on the severity of those symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Functional. Functional assessment focuses on roles and relationships of the client by evaluating how well they can perform daily activities and interact with others. This type of assessment provides valuable insights into a client's overall well-being and ability to function independently. Incorrect choices: A: Body systems - This type of assessment focuses on the physical structures and functions of the body, not on the client's roles and relationships. B: Head to toe - This refers to a comprehensive physical examination from head to toe, which does not specifically address the client's roles and relationships. D: Focused - This type of assessment targets a specific issue or concern, but it may not necessarily delve into the client's roles and relationships.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antihypertensive medication. In a hypertensive emergency, the priority is to lower blood pressure quickly to prevent organ damage. Antihypertensive medications like nitroprusside or labetalol are used for this purpose. Placing the client in a comfortable position and administering oxygen (B) may be beneficial, but lowering the blood pressure is the primary action. Monitoring blood pressure and administering antihypertensive medication (C) is correct, but the emphasis should be on immediate intervention. Monitoring the client's ECG (D) is important but not the primary action in a hypertensive emergency.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: large-census metropolitan areas. This is supported by the fact that large cities like Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver attract the most immigrants due to job opportunities, diverse communities, and cultural amenities. These cities offer better infrastructure and services compared to smaller areas, making them more appealing for settlement. Choices A and B are incorrect because smaller areas may lack the resources and opportunities that large cities provide. Choice D is incorrect as extremely large cities might be overwhelming and less conducive to successful integration for newcomers. Therefore, the majority of immigrants settling in Canada choose large-census metropolitan areas for better prospects and quality of life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it provides a thorough list of specific childhood illnesses and confirms the patient's denial of having had them. This approach ensures comprehensive documentation and accuracy. Choice A is vague and lacks specificity, potentially leading to misunderstandings. Choice B focuses on the patient's perception of their health rather than actual illnesses. Choice C mentions the patient's sister and measles, which is irrelevant to the patient's own medical history. Overall, choice D is the most accurate and relevant option for documenting the patient's childhood illnesses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: a set of rules. Novice nurses rely on established guidelines and protocols to make decisions as they lack the experience to rely solely on intuition or journal articles. Rules provide structure and consistency in decision-making, reducing the margin of error. Intuition (choice A) may not be reliable without prior experience. Journal articles (choice C) can be overwhelming and may not directly apply to the specific situation. Advice from supervisors (choice D) can be helpful but may not always be readily available, and it's important for novice nurses to develop their own decision-making skills.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Critical thinking. Critical thinking involves analyzing information, evaluating options, and making sound decisions. When caring for multiple clients with complex care, critical thinking enables nurses to prioritize tasks, anticipate complications, and adapt care plans accordingly. Diagnostic reasoning (A) is important but focuses on identifying specific health issues. Physical assessment (B) is crucial but only addresses one aspect of care. Nursing care plans (D) are essential tools but rely on critical thinking for effective implementation. In conclusion, critical thinking is the key as it encompasses all aspects of problem-solving in complex care situations.