Which nursing diagnosis would likely apply both to a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia as well as a patient diagnosed with amphetamine-induced psychosis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct nursing diagnosis that would likely apply to both a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia and a patient diagnosed with amphetamine-induced psychosis is option B) Disturbed thought processes. Educational Rationale: 1. **Correct Answer Justification:** Disturbed thought processes are a common symptom in both schizophrenia and amphetamine-induced psychosis. Both conditions can lead to disorganized thinking, delusions, and hallucinations, indicating a disruption in cognitive functioning. 2. **Why Others are Incorrect:** - A) Powerlessness: While powerlessness may be a relevant nursing diagnosis in certain situations, it is not directly associated with the cognitive disturbances seen in schizophrenia and amphetamine-induced psychosis. - C) Ineffective thermoregulation: This option is unrelated to the cognitive symptoms present in both conditions and is more commonly associated with issues related to body temperature regulation. - D) Impaired oral mucous membrane: This option pertains to physical health issues related to the oral cavity and is not directly linked to the cognitive disturbances characteristic of schizophrenia and amphetamine-induced psychosis. 3. **Educational Context:** Understanding the common nursing diagnoses across different psychiatric conditions is crucial for nurses working with patients experiencing mental health issues. By recognizing shared symptoms and appropriate nursing interventions, nurses can provide holistic care tailored to each individual's needs, promoting better patient outcomes and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of treating major depressive disorder, the correct medication that a nurse would likely provide education about is Fluoxetine (Option B). Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used to treat depression due to its effectiveness in improving mood, appetite, sleep, and energy levels. The other options are not typically used as first-line treatments for major depressive disorder: A) Chlordiazepoxide is a benzodiazepine primarily used for anxiety disorders and not recommended for long-term use in depression due to the risk of dependence and sedation. C) Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic mainly indicated for treatment-resistant schizophrenia or bipolar disorder with psychosis, not as a first-line option for major depressive disorder. D) Tacrine is a medication used in Alzheimer's disease for cognitive enhancement and is not indicated for major depressive disorder. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind medication choices in psychiatric nursing is crucial for providing safe and effective care to patients. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about the pharmacological mechanisms, indications, side effects, and monitoring parameters of medications to ensure optimal patient outcomes. In the case of major depressive disorder, SSRIs like Fluoxetine are often preferred due to their efficacy and relatively favorable side effect profile compared to other classes of medications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the priority nursing intervention for a patient diagnosed with bulimia nervosa and a low BMI of 17.5 is to assess the patient for signs of self-induced vomiting and purging behaviors (Option D). This intervention is crucial because individuals with bulimia nervosa often engage in these harmful behaviors to control their weight, leading to serious physical and psychological consequences. By identifying and addressing these behaviors promptly, nurses can prevent further health complications and provide appropriate interventions. Option A, monitoring the patient's nutritional intake and weight regularly, is important in the overall management of bulimia nervosa, but it is not the priority when the patient's BMI is critically low. Option B, encouraging the patient to discuss their eating habits openly, may be beneficial for building rapport and trust but does not address the immediate health risks associated with a low BMI. Option C, providing structured meal plans and counseling, is also essential in the long-term treatment of bulimia nervosa but does not address the urgent need to assess and intervene in self-induced purging behaviors. From an educational perspective, understanding the priority of interventions based on the patient's condition and prioritizing immediate health risks in psychiatric nursing is crucial. By focusing on the most critical aspect of care first, nurses can ensure patient safety and well-being in acute situations like this one. The rationale behind choosing the correct intervention should always be grounded in evidence-based practice and an understanding of the specific needs of patients with eating disorders.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of caring for a patient diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, the most appropriate response by the nurse is option D: Provide a non-judgmental and supportive environment to encourage the patient to eat. This option is the most suitable because it focuses on creating a safe and supportive space for the patient to feel comfortable and encouraged to make their own choices regarding eating. Option A, forcing the patient to eat, is not recommended as it can lead to feelings of distress, loss of autonomy, and potential resistance from the patient. Anorexia nervosa is a complex mental health disorder that involves underlying psychological factors, and coercion can exacerbate the situation. Option B, allowing the patient to make decisions without intervention, may not be appropriate in this scenario as individuals with anorexia nervosa may struggle with distorted thoughts and beliefs about food and eating. Providing support and guidance is crucial in helping the patient navigate these challenges. Option C, while well-intentioned, may not be as effective as option D. Simply explaining the importance of nourishment may not address the deeper emotional and psychological issues that contribute to the patient's refusal to eat. Creating a non-judgmental and supportive environment is key to building trust and facilitating positive changes in behavior. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to understand the complexities of eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and to approach care with empathy, sensitivity, and evidence-based practices. By focusing on building trust, providing support, and empowering the patient to make choices, nurses can play a crucial role in promoting recovery and well-being for individuals with eating disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of psychiatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the effects of different herbal treatments on mental health conditions like depression. In this scenario, the correct answer is C) St. John's Wort. St. John's Wort is a well-known herbal remedy that has been used traditionally to alleviate symptoms of mild to moderate depression. It contains active compounds that are believed to have antidepressant properties by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain. Option A) Black cohosh is not typically used for depression but rather for menopausal symptoms and gynecological issues. Option B) Ginseng is more commonly associated with boosting energy and reducing stress rather than treating depression. Option D) Ginkgo is often used for improving memory and cognitive function, not specifically for depression. Educationally, understanding the effects of various herbal treatments on mental health conditions allows psychiatric nurses to have informed discussions with clients seeking alternative or complementary therapies. It highlights the importance of evidence-based practice in guiding treatment decisions and promoting holistic care for individuals with mental health challenges. By knowing the specific uses and effects of different herbal remedies, nurses can better support their clients in making informed choices about their mental health care.