Which nursing action is especially important for an SGA newborn?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because preventing hypoglycemia is crucial for Small for Gestational Age (SGA) newborns due to their decreased glycogen stores. Early and frequent feedings help maintain stable blood sugar levels. Option A, promoting bonding, is important for all newborns but not particularly crucial for SGA babies. Option B, preventing dehydration, is essential for all newborns but not specific to SGA. Option C, observing for respiratory distress syndrome, is important but not the most critical concern for SGA newborns.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: VLBW (Very Low Birth Weight). This classification is based on the infant weighing less than 1500 g at birth, which applies to this scenario as the infant weighs 1200 g. VLBW infants are at higher risk for complications due to their low weight and prematurity. A: SG (Small for Gestational Age) is incorrect because it refers to infants who are below the 10th percentile for weight at a specific gestational age, not based solely on weight. C: ELBW (Extremely Low Birth Weight) is incorrect as it typically refers to infants weighing less than 1000 g at birth, which is lower than the infant in this scenario. D: Low birth weight at term is incorrect as it does not accurately classify a premature infant like the one in the question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fluid volume deficit related to phototherapy treatment. Priority nursing diagnoses are based on ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation). Fluid volume deficit can result from phototherapy due to increased insensible water loss. This can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, impacting circulation and overall well-being. Hypothermia (choice A) is important but not the priority in this case. Impaired skin integrity (choice B) is a potential issue but not as critical as fluid volume deficit. Knowledge deficit (choice D) is important for parental education but not an immediate concern compared to fluid balance in the newborn.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: loose skin. Postmaturity in newborns is characterized by dry, cracked, and peeling skin due to prolonged gestation. Loose skin is a classic sign of postmaturity, indicating reduced subcutaneous fat. Ruddy skin color (B) is not specific to postmaturity. Vernix (C) is present in newborns and decreases with gestational age, not directly related to postmaturity. Lanugo (D) is fine hair that covers a fetus and sheds before birth, not a specific indicator of postmaturity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: cephalohematoma. Cephalohematoma is a subperiosteal collection of blood that occurs due to trauma during delivery, such as with forceps assistance. The swelling is sharply demarcated because it is bound by suture lines of the skull bones. In this case, the parietal bones are affected, while the other skull bones are not involved. The absence of edema in the neck and the infant's good activity and feeding suggest no significant underlying issues. Summary: B: Subgaleal hemorrhage involves bleeding into the potential space between the periosteum and the skull, resulting in diffuse swelling extending beyond suture lines. C: Caput succedaneum is soft tissue swelling that crosses suture lines and involves the scalp, not just the parietal bones. D: Skull fracture would present with additional signs such as crepitus, misshapen skull, or neurological deficits, which are not mentioned