ATI RN
Psychobiological Disorder Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which neurotransmitters are most responsible for wakefulness? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Norepinephrine. Norepinephrine plays a crucial role in regulating wakefulness by promoting alertness and arousal. It is released in response to stress or excitement, helping to keep the brain awake and focused. GABA (A) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that promotes relaxation and sleep. Acetylcholine (C) is involved in various cognitive functions but not specifically wakefulness. Dopamine (D) is more associated with motivation and reward processing rather than wakefulness. In summary, norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for wakefulness due to its role in promoting alertness and arousal.
Question 2 of 5
A 12-year-old has engaged in bullying for several years. The parents say, 'We can't believe anything our child says.' Recently this child shot a dog with a pellet gun and set fire to a neighbor's trash bin. The child's behaviors support the diagnosis of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct diagnosis is D: Conduct Disorder (CD). This diagnosis is supported by the persistent pattern of aggressive and antisocial behaviors exhibited by the child, such as bullying, animal cruelty, and property destruction. These behaviors are characteristic of CD, which involves violating the rights of others and societal norms. ADHD (A) primarily involves symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, not deliberate acts of aggression. Intermittent Explosive Disorder (B) is characterized by sudden episodes of aggressive outbursts, which do not fully capture the chronic and intentional nature of the child's behavior. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (C) involves defiance and hostility towards authority figures but does not fully encompass the severity and range of antisocial behaviors exhibited by the child.
Question 3 of 5
Shortly after the parents announced that they were divorcing, a 15-year-old became truant from school and assaulted a friend. The adolescent told the school nurse, 'I'd rather stay in my room and listen to music. It's easier than thinking about what is happening in my family.' Which nursing diagnosis is most applicable?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Defensive coping related to adjustment to changes in family relationships. The adolescent's behavior of truancy and aggression towards a friend indicates they are using defensive coping mechanisms to avoid dealing with the stress of their parents' divorce. This diagnosis focuses on the maladaptive coping strategies being used by the individual. A: Chronic low self-esteem is not the most applicable diagnosis in this case as the behavior described is more indicative of avoidance and coping mechanisms rather than self-esteem issues. B: Decisional conflict related to compliance with school requirements does not address the underlying emotional distress the adolescent is experiencing due to the family situation. D: Disturbed personal identity related to self-perceptions of changing family dynamics is not the most appropriate diagnosis as it does not directly address the defensive coping mechanisms being used by the adolescent in response to the family changes.
Question 4 of 5
An adolescent diagnosed with an impulse control disorder says, 'I want to die. I spend my time getting even with people who hurt me.' When asked about a suicide plan, the adolescent replies, 'I'll jump from a bridge near my home. My father threw kittens off that bridge and they died.' Rate the suicide risk.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (High). The adolescent's statement indicates a clear intent to die by suicide and a specific plan, which significantly increases the risk. The reference to past trauma and the method chosen suggest a high level of risk. The vendetta against those who hurt them may indicate unresolved issues contributing to suicidal ideation. Options A and B are incorrect as the adolescent has expressed suicidal intent and a specific plan, ruling out an absent or low risk. Option C is also incorrect as the level of risk is high due to the detailed plan and clear intent expressed by the adolescent.
Question 5 of 5
Which assessment findings support a diagnosis of ODD?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is characterized by negative, hostile behavior towards authority figures like parents. Blaming others for misbehavior is a common trait in individuals with ODD. Choice B describes symptoms of Tourette syndrome, not ODD. Choice C describes conduct disorder behaviors, not specific to ODD. Choice D is more indicative of anxiety or trauma-related disorders, not ODD. Therefore, negative, hostile behavior towards parents and blaming others for misbehavior are key assessment findings that support a diagnosis of ODD.