ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drug Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which neurotransmitter is located only in the brain, particularly in the raphe nuclei of the brainstem, and is implicated in depression?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Serotonin. Serotonin is located predominantly in the brain, specifically in the raphe nuclei of the brainstem. It is known to play a crucial role in regulating mood and emotions. Serotonin imbalance is strongly linked to depression. Norepinephrine, dopamine, and acetylcholine are neurotransmitters found both in the brain and peripheral nervous system. While they also play roles in mood regulation, they are not exclusively located in the brainstem or specifically implicated in depression like serotonin.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has a new order for the adrenergic drug doxazosin (Cardura). When providing education about this drug, the nurse will include which instructions?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because doxazosin is an alpha-1 blocker that can cause first-dose hypotension, leading to dizziness or fainting. Instructing the patient to lie down after the first dose can help prevent these adverse effects. A is incorrect because weight loss is not a common side effect of doxazosin. B is incorrect because there is no specific need to increase potassium intake with this medication. C is incorrect because impaired taste is not a common side effect of doxazosin, and if it does occur, it typically does not last for 2 to 3 weeks.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who has been anticoagulated with warfarin (Coumadin) has been admitted for gastrointestinal bleeding. The history and physical examination indicates that the patient may have taken too much warfarin. The nurse anticipates that the patient will receive which antidote?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: vitamin K. Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin overdose as it helps in replenishing the depleted clotting factors inhibited by warfarin. Warfarin inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver, leading to increased bleeding risk. Vitamin K administration helps reverse the anticoagulant effects by promoting the production of these clotting factors. A: Vitamin E is not the antidote for warfarin overdose. Vitamin E does not have any direct role in reversing the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. C: Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin, not warfarin. It works by neutralizing heparin's anticoagulant effects. D: Potassium chloride is not the antidote for warfarin overdose. It is used to correct potassium imbalances in the body and has no role in reversing anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has a new order for an ipratropium (Atrovent) inhaler, an anticholinergic drug. The nurse knows to assess for an allergy to which food before giving this drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Peanuts. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic drug, and patients with allergies to peanuts may have a cross-reactivity due to the similarity in protein structure between peanuts and certain anticholinergic medications. Allergies to shellfish (A), soy products (B), and eggs (D) are not directly related to ipratropium and do not pose a significant risk of cross-reactivity. It is important to assess for peanut allergy before administering ipratropium to prevent an allergic reaction in patients with a known peanut allergy.
Question 5 of 5
Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Biotransformation aims to make drugs more polar and water-soluble to facilitate their elimination. This process usually involves adding functional groups to increase polarity, making drugs less lipid-soluble. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choice A is incorrect because ionization is not the primary focus of biotransformation. Choice B is incorrect as increased pharmacological activity is not a goal of biotransformation. Choice C is incorrect because increasing lipid solubility would hinder drug elimination, contrary to the purpose of biotransformation.